物联网末端低功耗绿色节点设计与实现

发布时间：2018-03-17 18:42

本文选题：WSN　切入点：生命周期　出处：《北方工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：物联网的应用场景十分广泛,尤其在大范围的实地应用中。它的物理组成主要是带各种传感器的节点以及网关、终端,对于设计高效的传感器节点,直接影响着整个网络的生命周期。而网络生命周期是无线传感器网络的一个重要指标,对于如何延长其网络生命周期一直是研究的热点。在延长网络生命周期方面,本文在现有研究的基础上作出了两方面的改善。一方面,在传感器节点电源供电方面,不再使用传统的普通电池供电,而是采用太阳能光伏电池与蓄电池结合的供电方式。另一方面,设计了一种新的能量感知路由协议—MAPA-MIPC。该协议与太阳能预测算法结合在一起,根据每一条链路上的节点能量特点,计算出最佳的数据传输路径。在太阳能预测算法中,采用了一种最新的预测算法—基于天气条件的自回归移动平均(AR-WCMA)模型。该预测算法综合考虑了太阳能收集的季节性变化以及突然的变化,而且相比其它预测算法,无需占用节点MCU大量的存储空间。同时,引入了能量阈值概念,在选择簇首时节点能量未达到高能量阈值不能成为簇首,低于低能量阈值节点处于休眠状态。休眠状态的节点继续补充能量,直到能量达到该阈值以上才能参与路由活动。本文根据低功耗绿色节点的设计要求,在硬件上设计了带太阳能收集的温湿度传感器节点,在软件上提出了一种新的路由协议,并对比了 MRRCE和EHA-LEACH协议。通过NS2搭建仿真环境,模拟传感器节点上传数据至基站。在分析能量数据后,与其它两种路由协议相对比,结果显示出在延长网络生命周期方面,本文提出的节能策略具有明显的优势。这对于实地应用,体现出巨大的应用价值。
[Abstract]:The application of the Internet of things is very extensive, especially in a wide range of field applications. Its physical composition is mainly with a variety of sensor nodes and gateways, terminals, for the design of efficient sensor nodes, The network life cycle is an important index of wireless sensor networks, and how to prolong the network life cycle is always a hot topic. In this paper, two improvements are made on the basis of the existing research. On the one hand, the conventional battery is no longer used in the power supply of sensor node. On the other hand, a new energy sensing routing protocol, -MAPA-MIPC, is designed, which is combined with solar energy prediction algorithm, according to the energy characteristics of nodes on each link. Calculate the best path to data transmission. In solar prediction algorithms, The AR-WCMA-based autoregressive moving average (AR-WCMA) model is adopted, which takes into account the seasonal and sudden variations of solar energy collection, and compares with other prediction algorithms. At the same time, the concept of energy threshold is introduced. When the node energy does not reach the high energy threshold when the cluster head is selected, it cannot become the cluster head. The node under the low energy threshold is in dormant state. The dormant nodes continue to replenish their energy until the energy reaches the threshold to participate in routing activities. In this paper, according to the design requirements of low-power green nodes, The temperature and humidity sensor node with solar energy collection is designed in hardware, a new routing protocol is proposed in software, and the MRRCE and EHA-LEACH protocols are compared. The simulation environment is built by NS2. Analog sensor nodes upload data to the base station. After analyzing the energy data, compared with the other two routing protocols, the results show that in extending the network life cycle, The energy-saving strategy proposed in this paper has obvious advantages, which is of great value for practical application.
【学位授予单位】：北方工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP391.44;TP212

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