静磁场作用下海水介电频率特性研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 16:20

本文选题：海水无机盐　切入点：介电常数　出处：《河南师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：地球表面大部分被海水所覆盖,我们每年能从海洋中获得足够多的海产品和海洋矿藏。海洋资源的开发和利用在各国的发展中地位日益显著,各国对海洋权益的不断重视也促进水下通信技术得到广泛发展。水下低频无线电波由于其传播的稳定可靠在对潜通信中得到广泛研究,但是其波长与天线长度成正比关系,在工程实现中存在较大难度。现在对水下无线通信研究国际难题是电磁波在海水中传播有很大的衰减且没有办法进行长距离传输。因此为了能够更好利用无线电波进行水下通信,对电磁波水下传输特性研究是很有必要的,而这些特性是由介电常数的频率特性决定的。海洋环境的复杂性也为研究工作带来了很多困难,首先海水是弱导电介质,海洋中的各种动力学运动,如海洋湍流、海面波动产生海浪等各种不同海洋现象和海水洋流运动通过并切割地磁,产生很弱的电场,而感生电场又能够引起产生感生磁场,海水感应产生的微弱电磁场也对海水的介电常数,电导率等电磁特性产生影响。因而研究静磁场作用下海水介电特性对海洋电磁探测,海洋遥感,水下通信等的研究是有很大意义的。本文作为水下电磁波传输的基础研究工作,对海水中主要无机海盐溶液在静磁场作用下介电和电导率的频率特性进行深入研究。主要包括以下几个方面:首先详细地分析了海水的电磁特性、并介绍了不同的海水介电模型。通过比较和分析不同模型的适应条件和测量方法,我们提出了本课题采用的模型和实验研究方法来研究海盐水溶液的介电特性。由于海水是弱电导介质,有一定的导电性,在实验中我们采用了独特的外电路附加电阻法使电路在射频情况下达到阻抗匹配状态。其次,我们利用阻抗分析仪测试了静磁场作用下海水盐溶液的介电频率特性和电导率频率特性,揭示了静磁场对海水中不同盐分介电和电导率频率特性影响机理。实验结果表明,当加入磁场后,海水盐溶液的复介电常数实部随着测量频率的升高逐渐减小这一变化趋势没有发生变化。复介电常数的值在加入磁场后随盐分的不同产生不同的变化。实验结果也从另一方面解释了磁场对不同盐离子水化过程产生不同的作用。由实验所得数据我们分析得出了浓度与介电常数新的数学表达式,该公式具有广泛适用性,同时适用于静磁场作用前后的无机盐溶液。通过分析可以得出这样解释,磁场对海水盐溶液电导率影响是由离子与水分子相结合的水合层遭到破坏和电子迁移率改变引起,这变化也导致了水化离子的大小产生改变。此研究也为研究人员开展水下探测具有磁性的物质(如核潜艇)和色散在电磁波探测中影响等提供了科学依据。目前对海水介电常数研究主要是提出更精确的模型适合复杂变化的海洋环境。很少研究磁场环境下海水介电常数的频率特性,也很少从离子水合微观角度解释介电常数变化。本文从理论和实验出发,首次研究了静磁场作用下海水的介电频率特性,并得到了新的介电常数与浓度关系式。对磁场作用下介电常数和电导率的研究为水下无线电传播和水下磁性目标探测和散射对电磁波探测等研究提供了科学依据。
[Abstract]:Most of the earth's surface is covered by water, every year we can get enough of seafood and marine minerals from the sea. The development and utilization of marine resources in the development of countries in the world is increasing, the constant attention of marine rights but also promote the underwater communication technology has been widely developed. Underwater low-frequency radio waves due to the spread of stable and reliable in extensive research on submarine communication, but its wavelength and the antenna length is proportional to the relationship, there is a big difficulty in engineering implementation. Now on the underwater wireless communication on international problem is the electromagnetic wave in the sea water are greatly attenuated and there is no way for long distance transmission. Therefore, in order to better use of radio waves underwater communication, underwater transmission characteristics of electromagnetic wave is very necessary, and these characteristics are determined by the frequency characteristics of dielectric constant. Marine ring The complexity of the environment has also brought a lot of difficulties for the research work, the first water is weakly conducting dielectric, various dynamic motion in the ocean, such as ocean turbulence, sea level fluctuations of waves and other various ocean phenomena and sea currents and cutting movement through the geomagnetism, produces an electric field is weak, and the induced electric field can cause the sense of life weak magnetic field, electromagnetic field generated by induction of water dielectric constant of seawater, the influence of electrical conductivity. So the study of electromagnetic characteristics of static magnetic field on the dielectric properties of seawater marine electromagnetic detection, ocean remote sensing, the study of underwater communication is of great significance. In this paper, as the transfer of basic research work of underwater electromagnetic wave and in-depth study on the inorganic salt solution frequency characteristics in the sea water under the action of static magnetic field and dielectric conductivity. Mainly include the following aspects: firstly a detailed analysis The marine electromagnetic properties, and introduces the water dielectric model. By adapting to the conditions and measurement methods of comparison and analysis of different models, we propose a model of dielectric properties and experimental research methods used in this paper to study the salt water solution. Because of the weak medium, has certain conductivity. In the experiment we used the external circuit additional resistance method the unique circuit to achieve impedance matching in RF conditions. Secondly, we use the impedance analyzer under the action of static magnetic field of sea salt solution dielectric frequency and electric conductivity frequency characteristic test, the mechanism of the effects of static magnetic field on the sea salt and different dielectric conductivity the frequency characteristic was revealed. The experimental results show that when the magnetic field, sea salt solution of the real part of the complex dielectric constant with the increase of measuring frequency decreases this trend did not occur Change. The complex permittivity values in the magnetic field with different salinity varied. The experimental results also on the other hand to explain the magnetic field produces different effects on different salt ion hydration process. From the experimental data we analyzed the concentration of dielectric constant and new mathematical expression, the formula with wide applicability, inorganic salt solution is suitable for both before and after the static magnetic field. It can be concluded through analysis that, the magnetic field effect on the water conductivity of salt solution is hydration layer by the combination of ions and water molecules are destroyed and electron mobility caused by the change, this change has also led to the hydration of ion size changes. This study also for researchers to carry out underwater detection with magnetic material (such as nuclear submarines) provides a scientific basis and dispersion in the detection of electromagnetic wave effects. The current research on the dielectric permittivity of seawater Mainly put forward a more accurate model for the complex changes in the marine environment. Little research on frequency characteristics of magnetic field on dielectric constants of sea water, rarely from the microscopic perspective of ion hydration dielectric constant changes. This paper from the theory and experiment of static magnetic field for the first time on the dielectric properties of seawater, and got the relationship between the dielectric constant and the concentration of the new type of magnetic field. The permittivity and conductivity of the underwater radio propagation and scattering underwater magnetic target detection and provide a scientific basis for the research of electromagnetic wave detection.

【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P733.6;TN929.3

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