地面机动目标毫米波探测信号处理研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 23:11

本文选题：地面机动目标　切入点：线性调频连续波　出处：《南京理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：机场封锁对夺取战场制空权起到举足轻重的作用,针对国外最先进的反封锁技术和装备,采用集目标探测和火力打击于一体的智能雷是一种有效手段。国外已装备的智能雷大多采用声、地震动及红外等传感器对目标实施探测与识别,本文采用毫米波探测技术,对地面机动目标探测信号处理中固定杂波抑制、多目标距离速度提取以及基于一维距离像和微多普勒的机场典型目标的特征提取等关键技术进行了研究。主要包括:(1)雷达回波信号中,杂波干扰总是伴随着目标信息的存在而存在,为了简化目标环境,提高信杂比,分析了机场环境下固定杂波的主要来源,采用频谱幅度对消法抑制固定杂波,获得了明显效果。(2)为了解决线性调频连续波(LFMCW)雷达中多目标距离-速度耦合问题,分析了基于变斜率三角波调频的距离速度提取方法,仿真结果验证了算法的有效性;为了使智能雷具有稳定的动目标检测性能,采用恒虚警门限加滑动窗的联合检测法实现了目标谱峰检测。(3)建立了光学区飞机和装甲车的多散射中心模型,利用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)获得了宽带雷达目标一维距离像及其典型特征;针对飞机旋转部件和装甲车辆车身的振动,分别建立了旋转和振动模型,采用短时傅里叶变换(STFT)提取了窄带雷达目标的微多普勒特征。研制了低成本、高可靠性的地面机动目标探测信号处理板并完成了系统的软硬件联合调试。通过外场实验实测汽车和卡车目标信号的分析,验证了信号处理模块的有效性,为智能雷毫米波探测信号处理及系统实现提供了理论和技术参考。
[Abstract]:The airport blockade plays an important role in seizing the battlefield air power, aiming at the most advanced anti-blockade technology and equipment in foreign countries. The intelligent mine which combines target detection and firepower attack is an effective method. Most of the intelligent mines in foreign countries use acoustic, ground motion and infrared sensors to detect and identify the target. In this paper, millimeter wave detection technology is used to detect and recognize the target. Fixed clutter suppression in signal processing of ground maneuvering target detection, The key techniques such as range velocity extraction of multi-targets and feature extraction of typical airport targets based on one-dimensional range profile and micro-Doppler are studied. Clutter always exists with the existence of target information. In order to simplify the target environment and improve the signal-to-clutter ratio, the main sources of fixed clutter in airport environment are analyzed. In order to solve the multi-target range-velocity coupling problem in linear frequency modulated continuous wave (LFMCW) radar, the range velocity extraction method based on variable slope triangular wave frequency modulation is analyzed. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. In order to make the intelligent mine have stable performance of moving target detection, the multi-scattering center model of aircraft and armored vehicle in optical area is established by using the combined detection method of constant false alarm threshold and sliding window. The one-dimensional range profile and its typical features of wideband radar target are obtained by using fast Fourier transform (FFT), and the rotation and vibration models are established for the vibration of aircraft rotating parts and armored vehicle body, respectively. Using short time Fourier transform (STFT) to extract the micro Doppler features of narrow band radar targets, a low cost method is developed. The high reliability signal processing board for ground maneuvering target detection and the joint debugging of the software and hardware of the system are completed. The validity of the signal processing module is verified by the analysis of the vehicle and truck target signal measured in the field experiment. It provides theoretical and technical reference for signal processing and system realization of millimeter wave detection of intelligent mine.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN957.51

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