UWB室内定位系统研究与实现

发布时间：2018-04-11 08:42

本文选题：超宽带 + 室内定位　；参考：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：定位技术经过了多年的发展,已取得的很大的进步,尤其在室外定位技术方面,以GPS为代表的室外定位技术已经可以较为完美的为人们提供基于位置的服务,例如通过谷歌、百度等地图进行目的地导航,查找周围满足用户需求的场所:美食、电影院、外卖、酒店等,人们对于基于位置服务的应用有了很好的体验。但是由于室外定位技术在具有独特特征的室内环境中有一定的局限性,再加上室内位置服务需求更加的具体化和精细化,所以室外定位技术不能在室内环境中给用户很好的定位体验。目前,有多种室内定位技术,例如:蓝牙、红外线,WIFI等。当用户对定位稳定性和精度有较高的要求时,UWB具有很明显的优势,能够很好地满足用户的需求。为此,本文提出以UWB技术为基础,在实际场景中建立UWB室内定位系统,实现精度高、稳定高的室内定位。本文对建立系统的实际场景和使用硬件设施进行了论述;对系统使用的动态和静态数据进行了研究;详细的设计了系统总体框架,包括需求分析、架构设计、功能分析以及数据库的设计。其中功能主要包括:定位结果的可视化、标签和基站的管理、历史轨迹回放等。最终本文采集了系统的定位数据,并采用定位精度评价指标对系统进行了评价,影响到定位精度的因素包括多径效应、信号衰减、非视距等。本文考虑到实景场景中,基站的密度足够以及在视距情况下多径效应影响较小,所以选择非视距和视距两种情形下的定位精度进行比较。通过多组数据比较发现在视距情况下定位精度在0.2m左右,非视距情况下在0.6m左右。并通过误差累计分布函数可以发现系统的稳定性也较好。最后对本文的工作做了总结和展望。本文建立了 UWB室内定位系统,实现定位标签的二维实时可视化。由于非视距等复杂环境下定位结果降低整体的定位精度,综合的平均定位精度达到0.4m,视距情况下平均定位精度达0.2m,且系统表现出较好的稳定性。
[Abstract]:After many years of development, positioning technology has made great progress, especially in the field of outdoor positioning technology, the outdoor positioning technology, represented by GPS, has been able to provide people with more perfect location-based services, such as through Google,Baidu and other maps for destination navigation to find places around to meet the needs of users: food cinemas takeout hotels and so on people have a good experience of location-based services applications.However, due to the limitations of outdoor positioning technology in the indoor environment with unique characteristics, coupled with the more specific and refined requirements of indoor location services,So outdoor positioning technology can not give users a good positioning experience in the indoor environment.At present, there are a variety of indoor positioning technology, such as: Bluetooth, infrared ray WiFi and so on.UWB has obvious advantages when users have high requirements for positioning stability and accuracy, and it can meet the needs of users.Therefore, based on UWB technology, a UWB indoor positioning system is established in the actual scene, which can achieve high precision and high stability indoor positioning.In this paper, the actual scene of the system and the use of hardware facilities are discussed; the dynamic and static data used in the system are studied; the overall framework of the system is designed in detail, including requirements analysis, architecture design,Function analysis and database design.The main functions include visualization of location results, management of tags and base stations, historical track playback and so on.Finally, this paper collects the positioning data of the system, and evaluates the system by using the positioning accuracy evaluation index. The factors that affect the positioning accuracy include multipath effect, signal attenuation, non-line-of-sight and so on.Considering that the density of the base station is sufficient and the multipath effect is small in the sight range, the positioning accuracy is compared between the non-line-of-sight and the line-of-sight scenarios in this paper.It is found that the positioning accuracy is about 0.2m in the case of visual distance and 0.6 m in the case of non-line-of-sight.It can be found that the stability of the system is also good through the error accumulative distribution function.Finally, the work of this paper is summarized and prospected.In this paper, UWB indoor positioning system is established to realize two-dimensional real-time visualization of positioning label.Due to the reduction of the overall positioning accuracy in complex environments such as non-line-of-sight, the integrated average positioning accuracy is 0.4m, and the average positioning precision is 0.2munder the condition of visual distance, and the system shows good stability.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN925

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