量子安全直接通信的方案研究

发布时间：2018-04-12 10:45

本文选题：量子通信 + 量子认证　；参考：《重庆邮电大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：量子计算机的成功研发以及量子信息论研究的不断深入,极大地推动了量子通信技术的发展。同时,量子计算机强大的并行计算能力,严重威胁到了基于计算复杂性的经典密码体制的安全性,而量子通信技术能够有效地解决这个问题。量子通信利用量子力学的基本原理,以量子态作为信息载体实现信息的编码、解码和安全传输。量子安全直接通信是量子通信发展过程中的一个重要分支。不同于量子密钥分发协议,量子安全直接通信可以在不需要共享密钥的前提下保证合法的通信双方之间直接传输机密信息。但在实际应用中,用户双方的合法性无法得以保证。因此,量子安全直接通信方案一直潜在中间人攻击的可能。本文的主要内容是研究具有认证的量子安全通信理论,提出了两个具有认证功能的高容量量子安全通信方案:分别基于EPR对和单光子。本文方案不仅可以有效抵制中间人攻击,还提高了通信效率。方案一:基于EPR对具有认证的高容量量子安全通信方案。该方案通过合法的通信双方提前共享的密钥进行身份认证,结合经典异或操作和辅助粒子,实现效率上的提升,并利用EPR纠缠态的特性实现具有认证的高容量量子安全通信方案。因量子纠缠态制备上的困难性,该方案的实现有一定困难;而单光子在现今的设备条件下更具有实用价值,所以本文研究并提出了基于单光子的方案二。方案二:基于单光子具有认证的高容量量子安全通信方案。该方案利用ID码作为身份认证码,对机密的经典信息实施异或操作,通过辅助粒子区分异或结果,这样,每个单光子可以加载两个经典比特,实现了基于单光子具有认证的高容量量子安全通信方案。本文对两个方案的安全性进行了详细的分析,并与已有的方案进行了效率对比,本文方案具有一定的优势。
[Abstract]:The successful development of quantum computer and the development of quantum information theory have greatly promoted the development of quantum communication technology.At the same time, the security of classical cryptographic systems based on computational complexity is seriously threatened by the powerful parallel computing power of quantum computers, which can be effectively solved by quantum communication technology.Quantum communication uses the basic principle of quantum mechanics to realize the encoding, decoding and safe transmission of information by using quantum state as information carrier.Quantum secure direct communication is an important branch in the development of quantum communication.Unlike quantum key distribution protocols, quantum secure direct communication can guarantee the direct transmission of confidential information between legitimate communication parties without the need to share the key.However, in practical applications, the legitimacy of both users can not be guaranteed.Therefore, quantum secure direct communication schemes have been potential man-in-the-middle attacks.The main content of this paper is to study the theory of quantum secure communication with authentication. Two high capacity quantum secure communication schemes with authentication function are proposed: one is based on EPR pair and the other is based on single photon.This scheme not only can resist the man-in-the-middle attack effectively, but also improves the communication efficiency.Scheme 1: a high capacity quantum secure communication scheme with authentication based on EPR.The scheme authenticates the identity through the key shared by both parties in advance and combines the classical XOR operation and auxiliary particle to improve the efficiency.The EPR entangled state is used to implement a high capacity quantum secure communication scheme with authentication.Because of the difficulty in the preparation of quantum entangled states, the implementation of this scheme is difficult, and the single photon is more practical under the condition of the present equipment, so this paper studies and puts forward the scheme 2 based on single photon.Scheme 2: high capacity quantum secure communication scheme based on single photon authentication.In this scheme, ID code is used as identity authentication code to perform XOR operation on confidential classical information, and to distinguish the XOR result by auxiliary particles, so that each single photon can load two classical bits.A high capacity quantum secure communication scheme based on single photon authentication is implemented.In this paper, the security of the two schemes is analyzed in detail, and the efficiency of the two schemes is compared with the existing schemes.
【学位授予单位】：重庆邮电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：O413;TN918

【相似文献】