交通监控中基于模糊聚类的无线传感网MAC协议研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 06:43

本文选题：交通监控 + 突发数据　；参考：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Network,WSN)是由大量分布在特定区域内的传感器节点组成,并且以无线通信的方式将感知到的数据传送到Sink节点。由于其独特的优势,WSN在国防军事、环境监控、工业技术、智能交通等方面获得了广泛的应用。在交通发达的当今社会,由于车辆快速增多,对交通监控的需求也不断地加大。无线传感器网络以其自身的特点,在交通监控中迅速发展起来。而MAC协议是影响无线传感器网络性能的关键技术。所以,设计一种适合交通监控需求的MAC协议具有十分重要的意义。本文针对于交通监控中突发数据实时性问题,提出一种基于模糊聚类的媒体访问控制(Fuzzy Clustering MAC,FC-MAC)协议。FC-MAC协议的设计内容,具体分为以下几个方面。首先,该协议采用TDMA和改进的CSMA/CA交替工作的方式,即保证了普通周期数据的传递,又增强了突发数据的实时性。在改进的CSMA/CA阶段,提出模糊聚类分析的方法。簇头节点根据因素向量聚类簇内节点,划分簇内节点的类别。聚类后的簇内节点根据类别决定竞争接入参数,动态地区分接入优先级,降低竞争阶段的碰撞概率,使优先级较高的节点突发数据能够更早地接入信道完成传输,保证整个网络突发数据的实时性。其次,设计一种分频算法,实现不同簇的频率分配,用以消除不同簇之间的通信干扰。并根据该协议时隙分配策略与分频算法的参数,提出一种分层随机延迟策略。该策略使簇头节点在网络初始阶段随机延迟若干个时隙块,使簇间发送阶段动态分层,从而减少同一时段内竞争接入Sink节点的簇头数量,降低簇头节点之间因退避而产生的数据延迟。最后,本文在NS-2平台下模拟十字路口环境,针对该协议的特征设定具体的仿真参数进行仿真实验。实验结果表明,FC-MAC在网络吞吐量,突发数据传播时延方面有较好的性能,并且对网络业务流量具有更好的适应性。
[Abstract]:Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs) is composed of a large number of sensor nodes distributed in a specific area, and the perceived data is transmitted to the Sink node by wireless communication. Because of its unique advantages, WSN has been widely used in defense and military, environmental monitoring, industrial technology, intelligent transportation and so on. In the modern society with developed traffic, the demand for traffic monitoring is increasing because of the rapid increase of vehicles. Wireless sensor network (WSN) has developed rapidly in traffic monitoring with its own characteristics. MAC protocol is the key technology to affect the performance of wireless sensor networks. Therefore, it is of great significance to design a MAC protocol suitable for traffic monitoring. In order to solve the real-time problem of burst data in traffic monitoring, this paper presents a fuzzy Clustering MAC protocol based on fuzzy clustering, which can be divided into the following aspects. Firstly, the protocol uses TDMA and improved CSMA/CA to work alternately, which not only ensures the transfer of general periodic data, but also enhances the real-time performance of burst data. In the improved CSMA/CA stage, a fuzzy clustering analysis method is proposed. Cluster head nodes are grouped into cluster nodes according to factor vectors. After clustering, the cluster nodes decide the competitive access parameters according to the category, dynamically divide the access priority, reduce the collision probability in the competition stage, so that the higher priority node burst data can access the channel earlier to complete the transmission. Ensure the real time of the whole network burst data. Secondly, a frequency division algorithm is designed to realize the frequency allocation of different clusters to eliminate the communication interference between different clusters. According to the time slot allocation strategy and the parameters of the frequency division algorithm, a layered random delay strategy is proposed. The strategy makes cluster head nodes delay several slot blocks randomly in the initial phase of the network, and dynamically delaminate the transmission phase between clusters, thus reducing the number of cluster heads competing to access Sink nodes in the same period of time. Reduce the data delay caused by Backoff between cluster head nodes. Finally, this paper simulates the crossroad environment under the NS-2 platform, and sets the specific simulation parameters according to the characteristics of the protocol to carry on the simulation experiment. The experimental results show that FC-MAC has better performance in network throughput and burst data propagation delay, and has better adaptability to network traffic.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

【参考文献】