星地量子密钥分发中的数据协调研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 22:39

本文选题：星地量子保密通信 + 数据协调　；参考：《宁波大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：量子信息作为经典通信和量子力学相结合的学科,其无条件安全的特点使它成为了一种全新的保密通信技术。现如今,密钥在光纤信道的安全传输距离早已达到了理论上的极限。通过光纤信道是很难实现长远距离的量子密钥分发。考虑到光子在大气层中传输具有高稳定、低损耗等特性,以卫星为中继基于自由空间信道的密钥分发成为了实现全球范围内保密通信最具可行性的方案之一。由于量子密钥分发系统设备的不完美性以及信道存在的噪声干扰,使得分发后的密钥会存在一定的误码率,这样就无法使用该密钥进行保密通信。为了解决这一难题,利用数据协调来对分发后密钥进行提取,确保通信双方最后获得的密钥完全一致。本论文首先介绍了传统的密码学和量子密钥方面的知识。传统加密方法主要是基于破译密钥的高复杂度。随着量子计算的提出,这种基于破译复杂度的加密方式已不再安全了。幸运的是,量子密钥的安全性是由量子力学的基本定律所保证,使用其进行保密通信是无条件安全的。第二章主要是对量子密钥分发的基本原理以及相关的密钥分发协议的介绍。第三章重点介绍了星地量子密钥分发的整个后处理过程,即认证和错误检验、数据协调以及隐私放大。第四章,重点研究了量子密钥分发中的一些数据协调算法,并提出了一种新的基于Turbo码的数据协调模型。最后,通过模型仿真得到了基于Turbo码数据协调效率。第五章主要对Turbo码数据协调模型进行了优化和仿真。通过对数据协调模型相关参数的优化,最终将其纠错效率提高了15%。为了进一步验证该模型在实际应用中的可行性,我们进行星地量子密钥分发模拟实验,并分别使用Cascade和Turbo码来对密钥进行数据协调。实验中密钥误码率为3.43%,基于Turbo码数据协调的最终成码率是高于Cascade。相比于Cascade,基于Turbo码的数据协调可以使得其成码率提高8%。通过这个模拟实验很好的验证了其在未来量子科学实验卫星上应用的可行性。第六章为整篇文章的总结部分,主要对量子密钥分发的概念、协议以及数据后处理部分进行概括性小结,并对整个研究的过程进行了总结。一种高效的、实时的数据协调方案是星地量子密钥分发的关键,这种方案的提出将会推动全球范围内的星地量子通信网络的建立。
[Abstract]:As a combination of classical communication and quantum mechanics, quantum information has become a new secure communication technology because of its unconditional security. Nowadays, the safe transmission distance of key in fiber channel has already reached the theoretical limit. It is difficult to realize long distance quantum key distribution through fiber channel. Considering the high stability and low loss of photons in the atmosphere, satellite based key distribution based on free space channel becomes one of the most feasible schemes to realize secure communication in the world. Due to the imperfections of the QKD system and the noise interference in the channel, the key will have a bit error rate (BER) after it is distributed, so it is impossible to use the key to secure communication. In order to solve this problem, data coordination is used to extract the key after distribution to ensure that the key obtained by both sides of the communication is identical. This paper first introduces the traditional cryptography and quantum key knowledge. The traditional encryption method is mainly based on the high complexity of decrypting the key. With the introduction of quantum computing, this encryption method based on decoding complexity is no longer secure. Fortunately, the security of quantum keys is guaranteed by the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics. The second chapter mainly introduces the basic principle of quantum key distribution and the related key distribution protocols. The third chapter focuses on the whole post-processing process of spaceground quantum key distribution, namely authentication and error checking, data coordination and privacy amplification. In chapter 4, we focus on some data coordination algorithms in quantum key distribution, and propose a new data coordination model based on Turbo code. Finally, the efficiency of data coordination based on Turbo code is obtained by model simulation. In chapter 5, the data coordination model of Turbo code is optimized and simulated. By optimizing the parameters of data coordination model, the error correction efficiency is improved by 15%. In order to further verify the feasibility of the model in practical application, we conduct a simulation experiment of spaceground quantum key distribution, and use Cascade and Turbo codes to coordinate the key data respectively. In the experiment, the key error rate is 3.43, and the final bit rate based on Turbo code data coordination is higher than that of Cascade. Compared with Cascade, the data coordination based on Turbo code can increase the bit rate by 8%. The feasibility of its application in the future quantum science experimental satellite is well verified by this simulation experiment. Chapter 6 is the summary of the whole paper, which mainly summarizes the concept of quantum key distribution, protocol and data post-processing, and summarizes the whole research process. An efficient and real-time data coordination scheme is the key of space-ground quantum key distribution. The proposed scheme will promote the establishment of a global satellite to earth quantum communication network.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN918.4;O413

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