面向物联网的无线传感器网络节能技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 18:58

本文选题：网络节能优化 + 无线传感器　；参考：《北方工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：无线传感器网络是一种自组网络,通过无线信道实现信息交互的网络,节点是网络的组成单元,节点因为构成自身的硬件和工作环境的特殊性,所以节点电池中的电量一直是影响传感器网络生命周期的重要因素,所以研究其电量消耗模型同时保证网络的可靠性,利用凸优化的方式,延长生命周期。本课题首先对节点的硬件构成进行说明,并对其工作时各部分能耗进行对比抓住主要方面,对于生命周期从新进行评估,并针对节点工作时能耗的主要方面进行实际测量。本课题发现在面向的应用场景为节点采集数据后向上传输,这一场景下的研究现状的多采用启发式算法,求解结果精度不能保证,且近似比无法进行精确取舍,优化的网络性能单一,无法满足不同的用户需求,如果发生用户需求改变时,网络无法灵活调整。或者部署环境发生改变时,网络也不能及时作出应对。为了解决些问题,通过研究建模将上述需求转换为通过使网络中节点流量均摊以达到提高网络可靠性与增加网络中叶节点数量的方式增长网络寿命的双重目标,通过加权的方式,引入绿色因子作为调控手段建立了一种可调的优化模型RES-WSN,因为模型为线性可解的所以结果精确度较高,计算复杂度较低。此模型较适用于较大规模的传感器网络中,能更好的提升网络性能。模型的实际部署依托于原生传感器RPL协议上的"多实例"部署思路,通过对DIO进行小部分拓展实现了模型的部署方案。本文通过仿真对模型中的绿色因子进行了多方面的实验,然后使用MATLAB等仿真工具搭建基础平台,借助这个工具对绿色因子不同的情况下进行仿真实验。根据仿真实验的真实数据,说明传感器网络在确保可靠性的同时是可以最大化的延长网络的生命周期。分析结果证明了设计模型在无线传感器网络上有效延长了网络的生命周期并能一定程度的保证网络的可靠性,并可以根据网络不同,需求不同,通过调节绿色因子的手段而改变。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a kind of ad hoc network, which realizes the information exchange through wireless channel. The node is the component unit of the network, because of the particularity of its own hardware and working environment. Therefore, the battery power is an important factor to affect the lifetime of sensor networks, so the study of the power consumption model to ensure the reliability of the network, the use of convex optimization method to extend the life cycle. In this paper, the hardware structure of the node is explained, and the main aspects of the energy consumption of each part of the node are compared and grasped, the life cycle is evaluated again, and the main aspects of the energy consumption of the node are measured. In this paper, it is found that in the application scenario oriented, the data collected by nodes is transmitted up. In this scenario, heuristic algorithms are often used to solve the problem, and the precision of the solution results can not be guaranteed, and the approximate ratio can not be chosen accurately. The optimized network performance is single and can not meet different user needs. If the user demand changes, the network can not be adjusted flexibly. Or deployment environment changes, the network can not make timely response. In order to solve some problems, the above requirements are transformed into the dual goal of increasing network lifetime by equalizing node traffic in the network to improve network reliability and increase the number of leaf nodes in the network. In this paper, an adjustable optimization model, RES-WSNs, is established by introducing the green factor as a means of control by weighted method. Because the model is linear and solvable, the accuracy of the results is higher and the computational complexity is lower. This model is more suitable for large scale sensor networks and can improve network performance better. The actual deployment of the model is based on the idea of "multi-instance" deployment based on the native sensor RPL protocol, and the deployment scheme of the model is realized by a small part of the expansion of the DIO. In this paper, the green factor in the model is simulated in many aspects, then the basic platform is built by using MATLAB and other simulation tools, and the simulation experiment is carried out with the aid of this tool under different green factors. According to the real data of the simulation experiment, it is shown that the sensor network can maximize the lifetime of the network while ensuring the reliability. The results show that the design model can effectively prolong the network life cycle and guarantee the reliability of the network to a certain extent in wireless sensor networks, and can be different according to the network requirements. Change by adjusting the green factor.
【学位授予单位】：北方工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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