卫星导航多径分析与LabVIEW平台的信号源设计

发布时间：2018-06-02 02:06

本文选题：GNSS + 信号源　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：全球导航卫星系统(Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS)是美国主导、以军事目的而建立,目前已经扩展到很多领域,在国防军事、航天航空、大地测量等领域有着广泛应用。在定位导航过程中,各种干扰可以看作卫星本信号的多径信号来处理。基于此,本文主要目的是设计一款多功能导航信号源,能够产生真实的GPS导航信号,并且能够模拟传播环境中多径信号的各种特性。首先,本文阐述了GPS系统的基本原理,从卫星导航系统的组成、卫星导航定位原理、卫星信号参数计算算法、接收机参数计算算法四个方面进行了详细分析,并对卫星参数和接收机参数进行了实际运算,给出了计算结果。然后,本文提出了实施多径干扰的系统模型,提出了多径信号的设计方法,从选星策略和干扰位置选取两个方面进行了论证,该方法主要依据接收机进行位置解算过程中对各卫星伪距变化的敏感程度不同而进行的。在选星策略方面,本文提出了伪距法、投影法两种方法,经证明,这两种方法本质上是一致,可依据不同的应用场景择优利用;在干扰位置选取上,本文从偏离方向选取和偏离值选取两个方面进行论证。因为导航卫星的空间分布不同,其对偏离方向的牵引也各不相同,基于此,本文提出了一种基于导航卫星空间分布选取牵引方向的方法。对偏离值的选取主要基于躲避接收机的RAIM检测进行论证。为了既要以最小的代价达到最大的偏离效果,同时还要尽可能避免被接收机检测出来。本文详细分析了接收机RAIM检测算法对多径干扰的影响,提出了躲避RAIM检测的多径信号生成算法。仿真结果显示,当利用3个多径信号时,就可以达到理想的偏离效果,并且能很好地躲避接收机的RAIM检测。最后,本文基于对LabVIEW平台的研究,设计出多功能信号源,对每个模块给出了详细的设计流程和设计方法,展示了软件设计界面,简单介绍了各部分参数设置,并对各部分功能进行了分析验证,并重点设计了多径信号生成部分。为了使接收机能充分演示多径干扰,设计了定点、圆周、直线、特定方向、轨迹共5种欺骗模式,在每种模式中,可以通过设置多径信号的增益、时延来控制接收机定位结果。通过使用安卓手机作为接收机进行测试,可以很好地达到干扰定位的目的,验证了多径信号理论设计的准确性和可行性。
[Abstract]:Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), which is the dominant in the United States, is established for military purposes. It has been extended to many fields, and has been widely used in the fields of defense, military, aerospace, geodetic and other fields. In the process of positioning and navigation, various kinds of interference can be treated as the multipath signal of the satellite signal. Based on this, the main purpose of this paper is to design a multi-function navigation signal source, which can produce real GPS navigation signals and can simulate the various characteristics of multipath signals in the communication environment. First, the basic principles of the GPS system are expounded, from the composition of the satellite navigation system, the principle of satellite navigation and positioning, the calculation algorithm of the satellite signal parameters. Four aspects of the calculation algorithm of the receiver parameter are analyzed in detail, and the actual operation of the satellite parameters and the receiver parameters is carried out, and the calculation results are given. Then, the system model of the multipath interference is put forward, and the design method of the multipath signal is put forward, and two aspects are proved from the selection of the star selection strategy and the location of the interference position. This method is mainly based on the difference in the sensitivity of the satellite pseudo range during the receiver's position calculation. In the aspect of the star selection strategy, two methods are proposed in this paper, the pseudo distance method and the projection method. It is proved that the two methods are essentially the same, and can be used according to the different application scenes. In this paper, the deviation direction selection and deviation value are selected from two aspects. Because the spatial distribution of the navigation satellite is different, the traction of the deviation direction is different. Based on this, a method of selecting the direction of traction based on the spatial distribution of the navigation satellite is proposed. The selection of the deviation value is mainly based on the RAIM detection of the evade receiver. In order to achieve the maximum deviation at the minimum cost and avoid detection by the receiver as much as possible, the effect of the receiver RAIM detection algorithm on the multipath interference is analyzed in detail, and a multipath signal generation algorithm is proposed to avoid RAIM detection. The simulation results show that when 3 multipath signals are used, The ideal deviation effect can be achieved and the RAIM detection of the receiver can be avoided. Finally, based on the research of the LabVIEW platform, a multi-function signal source is designed, the detailed design process and design method are given for each module, the software design interface is displayed, and the parameters of each part are briefly introduced, and the parts of each part are introduced. In order to make the receiver fully demonstrate the multipath interference, the receiver designed a fixed point, a circle, a straight line, a specific direction, and a trajectory in which 5 deception modes are designed. In each mode, the receiver positioning results can be controlled by setting the gain and delay of the multipath signal. As a receiver, Zhuo mobile phone can test the jamming location very well, and verify the accuracy and feasibility of the theoretical design of multipath signal.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN967.1

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