基于能量收集和BLE的低功耗有源标签设计

发布时间：2018-06-04 06:52

本文选题：有源标签 + 能量收集　；参考：《电子科技大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：电子标签实质上是一种无线通信技术,接收端通过读取发送端所传递的信息来进行目标识别。实际应用中,根据电子标签是否需要外部电源供电或者内部装载电池,把电子标签分为无源标签、半无源标签和有源标签三种类型。有源标签与无源标签相比,有发射功率低、通信距离远、传输数据量大、可靠性高和兼容性好等特点。然而有源标签的应用受到其内置电池使用寿命的约束,怎样提升有源标签的续航时间和降低其功耗是一项极具实现意义和挑战的工作。降低有源标签功耗是提升电池续航能力的有效方式之一,但是并没有从根本上提升电池续航能力。从太阳能中持续收集能量是从根本上解决电池持续供电问题,但是这些收集而来的能量必须是充足的。本课题为解决上述问题,主要研究内容和工作如下:第一,能量收集源分析。在详细分析可以利用的环境能量后,选择采用光能量收集。只要该标签位于有可见光的环境下,就能进行能量收集,将收集到的能量存储于储能单元内。第二,电源管理设计。在详细分析各种储能器件后,选择采用可充电式锂电池作为储能单元。该设计对采集到的光能量升压供锂电池充电,并且实时监测电池状态,电池过压时停止充电,电池欠压时切断系统供电以保护电池。第三,BLE蓝牙硬件设计。在详细分析多种无线通信协议之后,选择采用BLE作为本设计的通信协议。在选定通信协议后,对多种BLE芯片进行分析对比,选择采用功耗最低,性能较好的DA14580作为主芯片,并选择了相应PCB印制天线方案。该设计通信距离远,功耗极低,是整个有源标签的核心部分,负责与终端设备的无线通信和定位。第四,有源标签软件与终端软件设计。详细分析iBeacon通信协议后,在BLE4.0协议栈上利用C语言编写符合iBeacon通信协议的iBeacon基站程序,并且在硬件设计低功耗的基础上达到软件设计低功耗。利用Java语言开发了一款识别该有源标签的应用软件,能够显示通信信息,并具有测距功能。设计完成后,对该有源标签进行了功能和性能测试,给出了该有源标签的测试数据。测试数据表明,该有源标签工作良好,在光照充足的条件下,标签能够持续工作,已达到设计要求,解决了有源标签电池更换问题。
[Abstract]:Tag is essentially a wireless communication technology. The receiver reads the information transmitted by the sender to identify the target. In practical application, the tag is divided into three types: passive tag, semi-passive tag and active tag according to whether the tag needs external power supply or internal loading battery. Compared with passive tag, active tag has the advantages of low transmission power, long communication distance, large amount of transmission data, high reliability and good compatibility. However, the application of active tag is restricted by its built-in battery life. How to improve the lifetime of active tag and reduce its power consumption is a significant and challenging task. Reducing the power consumption of active tags is one of the effective ways to improve the battery life capacity, but it does not fundamentally improve the battery life capacity. Continuous energy collection from solar energy is a fundamental solution to the problem of continuous battery power supply, but this energy collection must be sufficient. In order to solve the above problems, the main research contents and work are as follows: first, energy collection source analysis. After detailed analysis of available environmental energy, light energy collection is chosen. As long as the label is in visible light, the energy can be collected and stored in the energy storage unit. Second, power management design. After detailed analysis of various energy storage devices, the rechargeable lithium battery is selected as the energy storage unit. This design can charge the collected light energy to the lithium battery, and monitor the battery status in real time, stop charging when the battery is overvoltage, and cut off the power supply to protect the battery when the battery is under voltage. Third, BLE Bluetooth hardware design. After detailed analysis of various wireless communication protocols, BLE is chosen as the communication protocol of this design. After selecting the communication protocol, this paper analyzes and compares the various BLE chips, chooses the DA14580 with the lowest power consumption and better performance as the main chip, and selects the corresponding PCB printed antenna scheme. The design has long communication distance and low power consumption. It is the core part of the active tag and is responsible for wireless communication and positioning with terminal equipment. Fourth, active label software and terminal software design. After the detailed analysis of iBeacon communication protocol, the iBeacon base station program which conforms to iBeacon communication protocol is written in C language on the BLE4.0 protocol stack, and the low power consumption of software is achieved on the basis of low power consumption in hardware design. An application software to identify the active tag is developed by using Java language. It can display the communication information and has the function of ranging. After the design is completed, the function and performance of the active tag are tested, and the test data of the active tag are given. The test data show that the active label works well, and the tag can work continuously under sufficient illumination, which has met the design requirements and solved the problem of battery replacement for active label.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN925;TM619

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