超构天线:原理、器件与应用

发布时间：2018-06-04 14:25

本文选题：亚波长结构 + 超构材料　；参考：《物理学报》2017年14期

【摘要】：自从电磁波被发现和应用以来,利用各种材料或者结构调节电磁波的辐射行为、构造高性能的电磁辐射器件一直是研究人员的追求目标.经过百余年的发展,电磁辐射器件的方向性提高、带宽拓展等技术逐渐达到瓶颈.受自然材料电磁特性的限制,微带天线、喇叭天线等传统电磁辐射器件存在体积重量大、工作带宽窄、无法快速动态调控等缺陷,难以满足日益发展的通信技术的需求.近年来出现的亚波长结构可在深度亚波长尺度下调控电磁波的传输行为,出现了多种奇异的电磁现象,完善了传统的电磁学理论,在一定程度上突破了传统材料电磁特性的限制,形成全新的电磁辐射技术,有效解决了传统天线存在的口径大、厚度高、带宽窄等难题,促进了电磁学、光子学、材料学等领域的发展.这种基于超构材料的新型天线可以被称为超构天线,具有高方向性、低副瓣、超宽带、可重构等传统天线难以实现的功能.本文主要回顾了近年来基于亚波长超构材料的超构天线技术的发展现状和取得的成果,介绍了超构材料在亚波长尺度下对电磁波振幅、相位、偏振态等的衍射调控机理,以及在此基础上形成的新型辐射器件,例如相控阵天线、高方向性天线、低雷达散射截面天线,基于亚波长结构的多种偏振调控器件及其在天线中的应用等.在衍射极限尺度下,这种亚波长结构的调控行为可有效提升电磁辐射器件的方向性、带宽,并可重构天线的工作频率、偏振态等性能.
[Abstract]:Since the electromagnetic wave was discovered and applied, it has been the pursuit of researchers to use various materials or structures to regulate the radiation behavior of electromagnetic wave and to construct high performance electromagnetic radiation devices. With the development of more than one hundred years, the directivity of electromagnetic radiation devices has been improved and the bandwidth of electromagnetic radiation devices has gradually reached the bottleneck. Limited by the electromagnetic characteristics of natural materials, the traditional electromagnetic radiation devices such as microstrip antenna and horn antenna have the disadvantages of large volume and weight, narrow working band, unable to adjust and control quickly and dynamically, so it is difficult to meet the needs of the increasingly developed communication technology. In recent years, the subwavelength structure can regulate the transmission behavior of electromagnetic wave at the depth sub-wavelength scale, and there are many strange electromagnetic phenomena, which improve the traditional electromagnetic theory. To a certain extent, it breaks through the limitation of the electromagnetic characteristics of traditional materials, forms a new electromagnetic radiation technology, effectively solves the problems of large aperture, high thickness, narrow band and so on existing in traditional antennas, and promotes electromagnetics and photonics. The development of materials science and other fields. This new type of antenna based on superstructure material can be called superstructure antenna, which has the functions of high directivity, low sidelobe, ultra-wideband, reconfigurable and so on. In this paper, the recent development and achievements of ultrastructure antenna technology based on subwavelength superstructure materials are reviewed, and the diffraction regulation mechanism of superstructure materials on electromagnetic wave amplitude, phase and polarization state at sub-wavelength scale is introduced. And new radiation devices, such as phased array antenna, high directional antenna, low radar cross section antenna, various polarization control devices based on sub-wavelength structure, and their applications in antenna, etc. At the diffractive limit scale, the modulation behavior of the subwavelength structure can effectively improve the directivity and bandwidth of the electromagnetic radiation device, and the reconfigurable performance of the antenna, such as the operating frequency and the polarization state, etc.
【作者单位】：中国科学院光电技术研究所微细加工光学技术国家重点实验室;
【基金】：国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号:2013CBA01700) 国家自然科学基金(批准号:61405201,61675208)资助的课题~~
【分类号】：TN820

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