量子签名方案的安全分析及改进

发布时间：2018-06-05 06:09

本文选题：量子签名 + 量子同态签名　；参考：《五邑大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：量子签名能由量子力学原理提供无条件安全性,在不久的将来很有可能取代经典数字签名而被广泛应用.对现有量子签名的安全分析有助于评估量子签名的安全性、发现潜在漏洞和修复漏洞.该文指出了三个量子签名方案存在安全问题,并构造了一个仲裁量子签名方案.具体来说,完成了以下4项工作.(1)该文通过构造有效的攻击,指出了一个基于Bell态的仲裁量子签名方案存在两个安全问题.首先,构造了一个针对这个量子签名方案的发送者的抵赖攻击,并分析了所构造的攻击方法奏效的原因.其次,构造了一个针对此量子签名方案的接收者的存在性伪造攻击;而且进一步指出了,即使此量子签名方案所使用的加密算法中的Hadamard操作换成任意的二阶酉操作,所构造的接收者的存在性伪造攻击也是有效的.(2)该文通过构造有效的中间人攻击,指出了一个使用两比特量子搜索算法的量子签名方案并不满足他们所声称的安全要求.首先,构造了一个任意的攻击者都可以执行的中间人攻击策略.其次,指出这个攻击策略分别能被签名者和接收者利用,使得他们可以分别实现抵赖和伪造.最后,解释了为什么这个方案不能抵抗所构造的中间人攻击.(3)该文通过构造有效的签名者同谋攻击,指出了一个使用纠缠交换的量子同态签名方案是不安全的.该文也从纠缠交换和方案的验证两个方面分析了这个方案不能抵抗签名者同谋攻击的原因.(4)该文构造了一个仲裁量子签名方案,这个方案由隐形传态和加强版的量子一次一密提供无条件安全性.该文也证明了发送者不能实现抵赖攻击,并且接收者不能实现存在伪造.
[Abstract]:Quantum signature can provide unconditional security by the principle of quantum mechanics, and it is likely to be widely used in the near future instead of classical digital signature. The security analysis of existing quantum signatures is helpful to evaluate the security of quantum signatures and to find potential vulnerabilities and fix them. In this paper, the security problems of three quantum signature schemes are pointed out, and an arbitration quantum signature scheme is constructed. In this paper, by constructing an effective attack, we point out that there are two security problems in an arbitration quantum signature scheme based on Bell state. Firstly, a repudiation attack against the sender of the quantum signature scheme is constructed, and the reason why the proposed attack method works is analyzed. Secondly, an existential forgery attack against the receiver of the quantum signature scheme is constructed, and it is further pointed out that even if the Hadamard operation in the encryption algorithm used in the quantum signature scheme is replaced by an arbitrary second-order unitary operation, By constructing an effective man-in-the-middle attack, this paper points out that a quantum signature scheme using a two-bit quantum search algorithm does not meet their claimed security requirements. Firstly, a man-in-the-middle attack strategy that can be executed by any attacker is constructed. Secondly, it is pointed out that the attack strategy can be used by the signer and the receiver respectively, so that they can deny and forge respectively. Finally, it is explained why this scheme cannot resist the constructed man-in-the-middle attack. In this paper, we point out that a quantum homomorphic signature scheme using entanglement swapping is unsafe by constructing an effective signature. This paper also analyzes the reason why the scheme can not resist the complicity attack of the signer from the aspects of entanglement swapping and verification of the scheme.) in this paper, we construct an arbitration quantum signature scheme. This scheme offers unconditional security by teleportation and enhancement of the quantum one at a time. This paper also proves that the sender can not implement the denial attack and the receiver can not implement the forgery.
【学位授予单位】：五邑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：O413;TN918.91

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