基于能量均衡的分簇无线传感器网络路由协议研究与应用

发布时间：2018-06-06 18:51

本文选题：无线传感器网络 + 能量均衡　；参考：《江苏大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：从互联网到物联网再到如今“互联网+”概念的提出,无线传感器网络(WSNs,Wireless Sensor Networks),凭借其低成本、组网灵活、部署便捷等优势成为互联网产业发展的重要分支。近年来,学者们针对不同的应用场景设计了许多新颖的路由协议,但是节点能量有限,尤其是密集区域内簇头节点负载不均、能耗较大,导致整个网络能耗不均、寿命较短。针对这些问题,本文提出了基于和声搜索算法(HSA,Harmony Search Algorithm)的分簇路由协议(HBCE)。该协议基于网络分区、单独成簇的思想来均衡监测区域内簇头节点的负载。具体地,本方案首先将区域进行分区,然后使用HSA选出若干最佳节点轮流担当簇头,以此来均衡WSNs中各节点的能量消耗。另外,本文将传统的WSNs组网技术与流行的物联网技术进行结合,以环境监测系统为应用案例,设计并实现了基于HBCE路由协议的环境监测原型系统。首先,该系统利用WSNs中的传感器采集环境信息,数据经由网络传送到基站;然后与基站相连的XServer将环境信息经过处理之后存入数据库并对外发布;最后,移动终端设备与XServer进行通信交换信息和命令,进而实现对环境的监控。本文的主要贡献如下:1.文章对相关工作进行了详尽地分析,首先介绍了WSNs的结构、特点以及协议栈的组成结构;在此基础上,分析了WSNs路由协议的特点以及分簇路由协议对比于平面路由协议的优势;重点研究了WSNs中分簇路由协议,并归纳总结出现有的几种经典分簇路由协议的优缺点。在分析的基础,深入探讨了路由协议在WSNs中的重要作用。2.针对分簇类WSNs在组网过程中易导致簇头负载不均、簇头能量消耗过快的问题,本文提出了基于HSA的分簇路由算法HBCE。首先,根据簇中期望的簇头个数对监控区域进行均匀分区;其次根据每个分区中节点的个数对分区大小进行调整,使得每个分区中的节点个数固定在网络规定的范围内,每个分簇独立成簇;最后在每个分区中利用HSA算法选择前K个最佳簇头节点轮流担当该分区的簇头结点并执行节点数据的转发任务。本算法在簇头选择的过程中综合考虑了备选节点的能量、与基站通信距离以及簇内节点与簇头的平均距离等因素。进而实现WSNs网络中节点能量的高效利用,降低同一簇头节点的能量消耗,有效延长了网络生存时间。3.基于本文所提出的基于能量均衡的HBCE协议,并采用嵌入式开发以及Android程序开发技术,本文设计并实现了基于HBCE协议的环境监测原型系统。依托于TinyOS平台在MPR2400节点上实现了HBCE协议,与现有路由协议相比,HBCE协议能将监控区域中采集的信息更高效地传递到基站,从而均衡整个网络能耗;最后,本文利用Eclipse工具,设计并实现了基于Android系统的个性化环境监控系统交互界面。
[Abstract]:From the Internet to the Internet of things and then to today "Internet plus" concept of the wireless sensor network (WSNs Wireless, Sensor Networks), with its low cost, flexible networking, convenient deployment and other advantages become an important branch of the development of the Internet industry. In recent years, scholars have designed many novel needle routing protocols for different application scenarios the However, the node energy is limited, especially the cluster head nodes in the dense area are unevenly loaded, and the energy consumption is large, which leads to the uneven energy consumption of the whole network. In this paper, a cluster routing protocol (HBCE) based on HSA (Harmony Search Algorithm) is proposed in this paper. The protocol is based on the network partition and the idea of single cluster. In order to balance the load of cluster head nodes in the area, the region is partitioned first, and then HSA selects some best nodes to take turns to take on the cluster head, in order to balance the energy consumption of each node in WSNs. In addition, this paper combines the traditional WSNs networking technology with the Internet of things in the stream line to monitor the environmental monitoring system. As an application case, an environment monitoring prototype system based on HBCE routing protocol is designed and implemented. First, the system uses sensors in the WSNs to collect environmental information and transmit data to the base station via the network. Then, the XServer connected to the base station is stored in the database after processing the environment information and released to the outside world; finally, the mobile terminal is set up. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: 1. the main contributions of this paper are as follows: 1. the article analyzes the related work in detail. First, we introduce the structure of WSNs, the characteristics and the structure of the protocol stack. On this basis, the characteristics of the WSNs routing protocol and the cluster routing protocol are analyzed. Compared with the advantages of the plane routing protocol, we focus on the cluster routing protocols in WSNs, and summarize the advantages and disadvantages of some classic cluster routing protocols. In the analysis, the important role of the routing protocol in WSNs is discussed in depth,.2. is easy to cause the cluster head load uneven and the energy dissipation of cluster heads in the process of networking. In this paper, the HSA based clustering routing algorithm (HBCE.) is proposed, first of all, according to the number of cluster heads expected in the cluster. Secondly, the number of nodes in each partition is adjusted according to the number of nodes in each partition, so that the number of nodes in each partition is fixed in the range specified in the network, each cluster is single. Finally, in each partition, the best cluster head nodes of K are used to rotate the cluster head node of the partition and carry out the forwarding task of the node data in each partition. In this algorithm, the energy of the alternative nodes, the distance to the base station and the average distance between the cluster head and the cluster head are taken into consideration in the cluster head selection process. Furthermore, the efficient utilization of node energy in WSNs network is realized, the energy consumption of the same cluster head nodes is reduced, and the network survival time.3. is effectively extended based on the HBCE protocol based on the energy balance proposed in this paper. The embedded development and the Android program development technology are adopted. This paper designs and implements the environment monitoring original based on the HBCE protocol. Based on the TinyOS platform, the HBCE protocol is implemented on the MPR2400 node. Compared with the existing routing protocol, the HBCE protocol can transfer the information collected in the monitored area to the base station more efficiently, and then balance the energy consumption of the whole network. Finally, this paper uses the Eclipse tool to design and implement the personalized environmental monitoring based on the Android system. System interaction interface.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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