用于5G终端的毫米波多波束天线

发布时间：2018-06-10 12:17

本文选题：5G + 移动终端　；参考：《电子科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：4G LTE技术的不断升级和部署应用,标志着移动通信步入了4G无线宽带时代。为满足日益增长的用户需求,各国都在争先展开下一代移动通信(5G)的研发。由于具有极宽的绝对带宽,可在很大程度上提高信道容量和数据传输速率的毫米波技术成为了未来5G移动通信关键技术之一。虽然如此,但毫米波信号在电路和大气中损耗大、衰减严重、传输效率低等问题仍待研究。鉴于此,本文将主要围绕用于5G终端毫米波馈电网络和天线的研究,采用多波束方案以在保证增益的同时拓宽波束的覆盖范围。PCB电路如微带电路有较为显著的介质和辐射损耗,而传统金属波导虽然损耗低、信号干扰小,但其结构很难做到小型化和集成。因此这两种结构不适用于要求低功耗且空间尺寸受限的移动终端。采用基片集成波导(SIW)可同时降低损耗和增加可集成性,其兼备了金属波导和平面电路的优良属性,是未来5G毫米波终端应用场景最佳的选项之一。本文的主要内容包括:对SIW、波束扫描阵、缝隙天线阵和Butler矩阵多波束馈电网络等基本原理进行了简要的回顾。此四方面的知识是本文所有设计的理论支撑。系统梳理了SIW、缝隙天线阵的设计步骤和Butler矩阵馈电网络的分析方法。提出了将4×4 Butler矩阵多波束馈电网络用于未来5G终端天线的设计以实现多波束宽角度高增益信号覆盖。本文选择采用了多波束方案,并结合了5G移动终端设计了适用于5G终端的4×4 Butler矩阵多波束馈电网络和缝隙天线阵。加工测试表明多波束方案基本可满足未来5G终端天线的要求。在传统4×4 Butler的基础上,提出和设计了一款改进型的4×4 SIW Butler矩阵。从理论上验证了方案的可行性且推导了各个器件须满足的条件。新设计的Butler矩阵其核心是将移相器归入到 3d B定向耦合器的设计中。仿真和测试结果表明,改进型的4×4 SIW Butler矩阵不仅拥有更好的输出幅相平坦度还具有比传统4×4 SIW Butler矩阵更高的设计灵活性。设计了一款3×3 SIW Butler矩阵。首先给出了该款矩阵的设计思路来源,然后从原理上验证了此矩阵设计的可行性和详细地推导出了3×3 Butler矩阵的结构和器件参数。仿真和结果表明,该型Butler矩阵比4×4 SIW Butler矩阵尺寸更小、结构更简单,但具有和4×4 SIW Butler矩阵相当的增益值和波束覆盖范围。
[Abstract]:With the continuous upgrading and deployment of 4G LTE technology, mobile communication has entered the 4G wireless broadband era. In order to meet the increasing demand of users, all countries are developing the next generation mobile communication. Because of the extremely wide absolute bandwidth, millimeter-wave technology, which can greatly improve the channel capacity and data transmission rate, has become one of the key technologies of 5G mobile communication in the future. However, the millimeter wave signal has many problems, such as high loss in circuit and atmosphere, serious attenuation and low transmission efficiency. In view of this, this paper will focus on the research of 5G terminal millimeter-wave feed network and antenna, and adopt multi-beam scheme to widen the coverage of the beam while ensuring the gain. PCB circuit, such as microstrip circuit, has significant dielectric and radiation loss. Although the loss of traditional metal waveguide is low and the signal interference is small, its structure is difficult to be miniaturized and integrated. Therefore, these two structures are not suitable for mobile terminals with low power consumption and limited space size. The substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) can reduce the loss and increase the integrability at the same time. It combines the excellent properties of metal waveguide and planar circuit, and is one of the best options for 5G millimeter-wave terminal applications in the future. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the basic principles of SIW, beam scanning array, slot antenna array and Butler matrix multi-beam feed network are briefly reviewed. These four aspects of knowledge are the theoretical support of all the designs in this paper. The design steps of SIW, slot antenna array and the analysis method of Butler matrix feed network are systematically combed. A 4 脳 4 Butler matrix multi-beam feed network is proposed for the design of 5G terminal antenna in the future to achieve multi-beam wide-angle high-gain signal coverage. In this paper, the multi-beam scheme is adopted, and the 4 脳 4 Butler matrix multi-beam feed network and slot antenna array are designed for 5G terminal combined with 5G mobile terminal. Processing tests show that the multi-beam scheme can meet the requirements of 5 G terminal antenna in the future. Based on the traditional 4 脳 4 Butler, an improved 4 脳 4 SIW Butler matrix is proposed and designed. The feasibility of the scheme is verified theoretically and the necessary conditions for each device are deduced. The core of the newly designed Butler matrix is to incorporate the phase shifter into the design of the 3D B directional coupler. The simulation and test results show that the modified 4 脳 4 SIW Butler matrix not only has better output amplitude and phase flatness, but also has higher design flexibility than the traditional 4 脳 4 SIW Butler matrix. A 3 脳 3 SIW Butler matrix is designed. At first, the source of the design idea of the matrix is given, then the feasibility of the matrix design is verified in principle and the structure and device parameters of the 3 脳 3 Butler matrix are deduced in detail. The simulation results show that the Butler matrix is smaller in size and simpler in structure than that of 4 脳 4 SIW Butler matrix, but it has a gain and beam coverage range comparable to that of 4 脳 4 SIW Butler matrix.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN828.6

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