基于基片集成波导结构的高增益天线的设计与研究

发布时间：2018-06-12 02:11

本文选题：基片集成波导 + H面喇叭天线　；参考：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会的飞速发展,人们对信息的需求也越来越高,对通信质量的要求也越来越高,高增益天线因其在通信的众多应用领域的巨大应用价值,成为天线领域研究热门之一。目前高增益天线的类型有抛物反射面天线、平面阵列天线、漏波天线等等,但每一种高增益天线都有其优缺点:传统的抛物反射面天线,它的优点是馈源简单、增益高,缺点是体积大、较笨重、难以集成、价格昂贵;平面阵列天线具有易于集成和增益高等优点,缺点是馈电网络复杂、占用面积大;漏波天线的增益也比较高,但天线电长度比较大,且一般形成锥形波束,波束效率不高。基片集成波导技术的诞生为高增益天线的发展提供了新的机遇,它不仅具有传统波导的良好传输性能,同时兼有平板电路结构的易加工优势。本文利用基片集成波导技术设计了抛物反射面结构,并应用于构造高增益H面喇叭天线和平面周期性漏波天线,对设计方案进行了仿真分析,并进行了实际加工和测试。相对于传统抛物面天线,本文的设计方案具有低剖面、易于与平面电路集成的优点;相对于传统的平面天线阵列结构,本文的设计方案省去了复杂的馈电网络,具有易于馈电、小型化的优点。本文的主要工作和创新点如下:1.提出了一种基于基片集成波导的抛物反射面结构,并将其用于H面喇叭天线的设计。首先,设计的基于基片集成波导的抛物反射面结构,其优点是可以采用简单的馈电方式实现大辐射口径和等相位分布,从而为高增益的实现提供了先决条件;其次,研究了同轴探针馈电与反射电感柱、引向电容柱相结合的馈电方式,并研究了馈电点与抛物反射面的位置关系对馈电效果的影响,优化得到了最佳的馈电结构参数;再次,研究了抛物反射面结构与自由空间实现阻抗匹配的方法,设计了金属条带加载金属柱阵列的匹配条带,可极大的提高抛物面辐射口径与自由空间的匹配程度;最后,对所提出的基于抛物面结构的H面喇叭天线的内部场分布、阻抗特性与远场辐射特性进行了仿真分析,加工制作了天线实物并进行了测试,测试结果和仿真结果吻合得很好。2.提出了以抛物反射面结构作为馈源,在表面波结构上加载周期性金属条带阵列的一维波束扫描高增益平面漏波天线。对天线结构参数对天线性能的影响进行了详细的分析。3.提出了一种适合于周期性漏波结构的低辐射区产生方法。该方法采用模式展开法和有效辐射段理论相结合的方法,首先采用模式展开法对周期性漏波结构的口面场分解为各次空间谐波的叠加,然后针对谐波中的辐射模式,采用有效辐射段的分析方法计算得到该辐射模式的有效辐射段,并通过结构参数的改变来抑制某个特定方向对应的有效辐射段的辐射强度,以此来产生低辐射区域。传统的低辐射区域产生方法适用于阵列结构或连续弯曲口径天线,而本文首次提出了适用于周期性漏波结构的低辐射区域产生方法,展示出较好的效果。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of society, the demand for information is becoming higher and higher, and the demand for communication quality is becoming more and more high. High gain antenna has become one of the hot research areas in the field of antenna because of its great application value in many applications. At present, high gain antennas have parabolic reflector antennas, planar array antennas and leaky waves. Antenna and so on, but each kind of high gain antenna has its advantages and disadvantages: the traditional parabolic reflector antenna has the advantages of simple feed and high gain. The disadvantages of the antenna are large, heavy, difficult to integrate and expensive. The planar array antenna has the advantages of easy integration and high gain, and the disadvantage is that the feed network is complex and occupies a large area; a leaky wave antenna The gain of the antenna is also high, but the antenna electric length is larger, and the conical beam is generally formed, and the beam efficiency is not high. The birth of the substrate integrated waveguide technology provides a new opportunity for the development of the high gain antenna. It not only has the good transmission performance of the traditional waveguide, but also the easy processing advantage of the Jian Youping plate circuit. This paper uses the substrate set. A parabolic reflector structure is designed and applied to the construction of a high gain H surface horn antenna and a planar periodic leaky wave antenna. The design scheme is simulated and analyzed. Compared with the traditional parabolic antenna, the design scheme has the advantages of low profile and easy to integrate with the plane circuit. For the traditional planar antenna array structure, the design scheme of this paper saves the complex feed network and has the advantages of easy feeding and miniaturization. The main work and innovation of this paper are as follows: 1. a parabolic reflector structure based on substrate integrated waveguide is proposed and used in the design of H horn antenna. First, the design is based on the design. The parabolic reflector structure of the substrate integrated waveguide has the advantage that a simple feeding mode can be used to realize large radiant aperture and equal phase distribution, thus providing a prerequisite for the realization of high gain. Secondly, the feed mode combined with a coaxial probe feed and a reflective inductor column and a capacitance column is studied, and the feeding point and the throwing are studied. The effect of the position of the reflection surface on the feed effect is optimized, and the optimum parameters of the feed structure are optimized. Thirdly, the matching method of the parabolic reflector structure and the free space is studied, and the matching strip of the metal bar array is designed, which can greatly improve the matching range of the radiant aperture of the paraboloid and the free space. Finally, the internal field distribution of the H surface horn antenna based on the parabolic structure, the impedance characteristic and the far field radiation characteristics are simulated and analyzed. The antenna is fabricated and tested. The test results are in good agreement with the simulation results..2. proposes a parabolic reflector structure as the feed, and the surface wave structure is on the surface wave structure. A one dimensional beam scanning high gain plane leaky wave antenna with a periodic metal strip array. The effect of antenna structure parameters on the performance of the antenna is analyzed in detail..3. proposes a low radiation zone generation method suitable for periodic leaky wave structure. The method combines the method of mode expansion and the theory of effective radiation section. First, the mode expansion method is used to decompose the surface field of the periodic leaky wave structure into the superposition of the subspace harmonics, and then the effective radiation section of the radiation mode is calculated by the effective radiation section analysis method, and the effective radiation corresponding to a certain direction is suppressed by the modification of the structural parameters. The radiation intensity of the segment is used to produce a low radiation area. The traditional method of producing low radiation region is suitable for array structure or continuous curved aperture antenna. In this paper, the method of producing low radiation region for periodic leaky wave structure is proposed for the first time.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN820

【参考文献】