基于波分复用的无源时差定位技术的应用研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 23:43

本文选题：无源定位 + 波分复用　；参考：《西南交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：无源定位技术具有诸多优点,包括隐蔽性好、作用距离远。分布式观测节点可以有效提升定位系统的性能,而光载无线技术则能够极大提升覆盖范围和定位精度。论文提出并展示了基于WDM技术的分布式节点无源时差定位系统,通过在探测区域内广泛布置观测节点,将各节点接收的信号调制在分离的光载波上,并使用WDM技术经光纤传输后在中心站进行融合处理。这使得各观测节点无需复杂的时钟同步和参数估计,提高了定位精度且简化了系统设计。此外,系统具有一定的通用性,理论上适用于脉冲信号源和非脉冲信号源的定位。因此,论文先从TDOA定位算法及其误差分析的基础上研究了系统的结构设计和实验验证,并在此基础上进一步从状态空间入手,建立合适的运动模型,采用自适应卡尔曼滤波算法来实现对移动目标的跟踪。论文的主要研究工作有以下两个方面:(1)结合TDOA定位技术的的双曲面模型,研究了 Chan算法、TDOA的时延估计以及系统误差的主要来源。对于四站式的三维目标定位,首先研究了雷达应用的周期脉冲调制信号的时差信息提取,然后分析了定位精度GDOP的空间分布以及改善方法,最后通过实验对433MHz信号源进行了三维定位的概念验证,实现了相对误差低于51 %的定位精度。(2)针对论文提出的分布式节点无源时差定位系统,研究了基于“当前”统计模型和曲线转弯模型下的移动目标跟踪。采用跟踪性能优秀的交互多模型Kalman滤波算法来实现对目标的状态估计,并通过仿真与无滤波的Chan定位算法的跟踪性能进行比较,结果显示IMM滤波算法能够显著改善系统的跟踪性能,拥有更加优秀的应用价值。
[Abstract]:Passive location technology has many advantages, including good concealment and long distance. Distributed observation nodes can effectively improve the performance of positioning system, while optical wireless technology can greatly improve the coverage and positioning accuracy. A distributed node passive time difference location system based on WDM technology is proposed and demonstrated in this paper. The signal received by each node is modulated on the separated optical carrier by arranging observation nodes widely in the detection area. WDM technology is used to perform fusion processing at the central station after transmission through optical fiber. This makes the observation nodes without complicated clock synchronization and parameter estimation, improves the positioning accuracy and simplifies the system design. In addition, the system can be used to locate the pulse signal source and the non-pulse signal source in theory. Therefore, based on the TDOA localization algorithm and its error analysis, the structure design and experimental verification of the system are studied in this paper. Based on this, a suitable motion model is established from the state space. Adaptive Kalman filter algorithm is used to track moving targets. The main research work of this paper is as follows: 1) combined with the hyperboloid model of TDOA location technology, the time delay estimation and the main source of system error of Chan algorithm TDOA are studied. For the four-station 3D target location, the time difference information extraction of the periodic pulse modulation signal used in radar is studied, and then the spatial distribution of the positioning precision GDOP and the improvement method are analyzed. Finally, the concept of 433MHz signal source is verified by experiment, and the positioning accuracy of relative error is less than 51%.) the distributed node passive time difference location system is proposed in this paper. The moving target tracking based on the current statistical model and curve turning model is studied. The interactive multi-model Kalman filtering algorithm with excellent tracking performance is used to realize the state estimation of the target, and the tracking performance of the simulation is compared with that of the Chan localization algorithm without filtering. The results show that imm filter algorithm can significantly improve the tracking performance of the system, and has better application value.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN95

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