基于LIDAR技术的农村地籍测量与快速成图研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 04:15

本文选题：LIDAR + 农村地籍测量　；参考：《新疆大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：激光雷达(LIDAR,Light Detection and Ranging)作为一种可以高效获取各类空间地理数据的手段,它利用发射激光对地物进行扫描的测量的方式,可以对物体三维空间信息进行快速的采集,为建立地籍要素的二维或三维图提供了一种全新的测量手段。同时,LIDAR技术具有扫描速度快、精度高、对环境要求低等一系列特点,解决了传统地籍测量中工作效率低、劳动强度大等问题,并为农村地籍测量的快速完成提供了技术依据。本文为了进一步加快推进农村地籍调查,提高农村地籍测量的效率与质量,以新疆维吾尔自治区霍城县三宫回族乡为研究区,根据农村居民点的分布特点,首次尝试采用吊车搭载RIEGL VZ—1000激光雷达扫描仪进行固定式扫描来获得点云数据。然后,通过区域增长算法的基本思想所构建的TIN模型的原始点云建筑物自动提取算法实现了建筑物的自动提取,再使用Alpha-Shapes算法对建筑物顶面轮廓进行自动矢量化,从而生成实时的农村地区的二维地籍底图。研究结果验证了采用吊车搭载LIDAR进行农村地籍测量和所提出算法的可行性,加快了地籍成图与权属调查的效率,实现了基于激光点云数据生成地籍图的半自动化。本文研究内容与结论如下:(1)首次尝试在农村地区使用三维激光雷达扫描仪进行地籍测量,并根据新疆农村地区的地理环境特点,采用吊车搭载扫描仪进行扫描,克服了传统地籍测量中工作效率低、劳动强度大等问题,提高了地籍成图与权属调查的效率。(2)在建筑物自动提取方面,本算法通过构建模型建立点云之间的空间关系,采用区域生长的思想对点云进行分割,生成内部均值的对象,然后根据对象的高程与方差设定阈值,剔除非建筑物点,留下建筑物点,完成建筑物提取。经过对三类不同类型建筑物进行提取研究证明了该算法的可行性。(3)在对点云数据矢量化方面,使用Alpha-Shapes算法进行建筑物点集追踪建筑物轮廓线,取得很好的效果。算法具有一定的自适应性,研究了不同a值与不同点密度不同尺寸和形状的建筑物轮廓线提取的关系,很好的解决了凹型建筑物轮廓线提取的问题;并且还实现了追踪提取建筑物内部突出物的轮廓线,很好的解决了较复杂的建筑物轮廓线矢量化问题。
[Abstract]:Lidar (lidar Light Detection and ranging), as a means of acquiring all kinds of spatial geographic data efficiently, can quickly collect 3D spatial information of objects by means of laser scanning measurement. It provides a new measuring method for the establishment of two-dimensional or three-dimensional map of cadastral elements. At the same time, LIDAR technology has a series of characteristics, such as high scanning speed, high precision and low environmental requirement. It solves the problems of low working efficiency and high labor intensity in traditional cadastral survey, and provides the technical basis for the rapid completion of rural cadastral survey. In order to speed up the rural cadastral survey and improve the efficiency and quality of rural cadastral survey, this paper takes Sangong Hui Township, Huocheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region as the research area, according to the distribution characteristics of rural settlements. It is the first time to use crane to carry RIEGL VZ-1000 laser radar scanner for fixed scanning to obtain point cloud data. Then, based on the basic idea of the region growth algorithm, the automatic extraction algorithm of the original point cloud building is realized, and then the Alpha-Shapes algorithm is used to vectorize the contour of the top surface of the building. Thus generating real-time two-dimensional cadastral maps of rural areas. The results verify the feasibility of using LIDAR to measure rural cadastre and the proposed algorithm, accelerate the efficiency of cadastral mapping and tenure survey, and realize the semi-automation of cadastral map generation based on laser point cloud data. The contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the first attempt is to use a 3D lidar scanner for cadastral survey in rural areas, and according to the characteristics of the geographical environment in rural areas of Xinjiang, a crane carrying scanner is used to scan. It overcomes the problems of low working efficiency and high labor intensity in traditional cadastral survey, and improves the efficiency of cadastral mapping and property investigation. (2) in the aspect of building automatic extraction, this algorithm establishes the spatial relationship between point clouds by constructing models. The idea of region growth is used to segment the point cloud and generate the object with internal mean value. Then the threshold is set according to the height and variance of the object and the non-building point is eliminated and the building point is left behind to complete the building extraction. The feasibility of the algorithm is proved by the extraction of three different types of buildings. (3) Alpha-Shapes algorithm is used to track the building contour by using Alpha-Shapes algorithm in the vectorization of point cloud data. The algorithm has certain adaptability, the relationship between different a value and different density and shape of building contour is studied, and the problem of concave building contour extraction is well solved. It also realizes tracing and extracting the contour line of the interior protrusion of the building, which solves the complex problem of building contour vectorization.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN958.98

【相似文献】