复合可重构天线关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-26 18:08

本文选题：可重构天线 + 方向图与频率复合可重构天线　；参考：《电子科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着无线通信技术的飞速发展,数据传输速率不断提高,信道资源日趋紧张,成本、体积不断压缩已经对无线系统性能提出了更高挑战。面对日益增多的性能需求,无线系统一方面需要集成越来越多的天线,另一方面由于传统的单功能天线成本高,体积大,功耗高,电磁耦合严重等缺点,已难以满足当前的发展需求。基于以上矛盾,可重构天线技术被相应提出,并受到越来越多研究人员的关注。可重构天线可分为四大类:频率可重构天线、方向图可重构天线、极化可重构天线与多参数复合可重构天线。其中复合可重构天线可实现单天线在多参数不同状态下工作,因而极具价值,但由于理论研究欠缺,其设计难度也是可重构天线中最高的。综上,本文基于对复合可重构技术的探讨,对可重构天线技术进行了相关研究并设计了五款可重构天线,主要研究内容及成果如下:1、基于单极子天线及寄生辐射原理实现了一款频率可重构天线,天线通过PIN开关控制寄生贴片的加载,从而实现频率可重构。对天线进行加工测试,相关结果表明,天线可以分别工作在超宽带UWB单频带状态或2.45GHz与超宽带UWB双频带状态。2、设计实现了两款方向图可重构天线。其一是基于渐变缝隙天线及单极子天线原理设计的一款梅花形宽带方向图可重构天线,通过对该天线两PIN二极管的通断控制,可使天线工作在三种辐射模式:全向辐射和两种端射模式。另一款基于半波长偶极子天线原理,通过对T形结两臂的PIN二极管的开关控制,可实现分别对两个偶极子结构的馈电,从而实现天线在两个端射方向上覆盖WiMAX(3.3-3.6GHz)频段的方向图可重构。3、在前面所设计的频率可重构天线及方向图可重构天线的基础之上,将两者进行综合,设计实现了一款方向图与频率复合可重构天线。该天线可实现2.5GHz与3.5GHz两个频率及三种端射方向图的任意组合。4、研究介绍了基于新型材料的可重构天线技术,并基于液晶介电各向异性特性仿真了一款频率与极化复合可重构天线。仿真结果表明该天线在外加极化偏置电压作用下可实现3.04-3.18GHz调谐,并通过两PIN开关对馈电路径进行切换,可实现垂直与水平极化的重构。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, the data transmission rate is increasing, channel resources are becoming increasingly tight, the cost and volume of continuous compression has posed a higher challenge to the performance of wireless systems. In the face of increasing demand for performance, wireless systems need to integrate more and more antennas on the one hand, and on the other hand, because of the disadvantages of traditional single-function antennas, such as high cost, large volume, high power consumption and serious electromagnetic coupling, etc. It has become difficult to meet current development needs. Based on the above contradiction, reconfigurable antenna technology has been proposed, and more researchers pay attention to it. Reconfigurable antennas can be divided into four categories: frequency reconfigurable antennas, pattern reconfigurable antennas, polarized reconfigurable antennas and multiparameter composite reconfigurable antennas. The composite reconfigurable antenna can work under different states of multiple parameters, so it is of great value. However, because of the lack of theoretical research, its design difficulty is the highest in the reconfigurable antenna. In summary, based on the discussion of composite reconfigurable technology, this paper studies the reconfigurable antenna technology and designs five reconfigurable antennas. The main research contents and results are as follows: 1. Based on the monopole antenna and parasitic radiation principle, a frequency reconfigurable antenna is implemented, which controls the loading of the parasitic patch through the PIN switch. The experiment results show that the antenna can be operated in UWB single band state or 2.45GHz and UWB dual band state. 2. Two reconfigurable antennas are designed and implemented. One is the design of a plum-shaped wideband pattern reconfigurable antenna based on the principle of gradient slot antenna and monopole antenna. The antenna can operate in three radiation modes: omnidirectional radiation and two end-emitting modes. The other is based on the half-wavelength dipole antenna principle. By controlling the switch of the T-junction two-arm PIN diode, the two dipole structures can be fed separately. Thus, the reconfigurable pattern of the antenna covering WiMAX (3.3-3.6 GHz) frequency band in two endshoot directions is realized. Based on the previously designed frequency reconfigurable antenna and the pattern reconfigurable antenna, the two reconfigurable antennas are integrated. A pattern and frequency complex reconfigurable antenna is designed and implemented. The antenna can realize any combination of 2.5GHz and 3.5GHz frequencies and three end-emitting patterns. The reconfigurable antenna technology based on new materials is introduced. A composite reconfigurable antenna with frequency and polarization is simulated based on the dielectric anisotropy of liquid crystal. The simulation results show that the antenna can be tuned at 3.04-3.18GHz under the action of external polarization bias voltage, and the feed path can be switched by two PIN switches, which can realize the reconstruction of vertical and horizontal polarization.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN820

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