小功率雷达对移动目标的探测技术研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 14:47

本文选题：FMCW雷达 + MATLAB软件　；参考：《沈阳理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,调频连续波(FMCW)雷达由于具有结构简单、无距离盲区、分辨力高、发射功率低和抗杂波能力强等优点,在精确武器制导、交通管制与检测、汽车防撞系统、楼层测量、液面高度测量等领域得到迅猛发展和应用。本文通过对FMCW雷达测距相关理论及差频信号处理的研究与分析,设计实现了FMCW雷达测距系统并进行了相关实验研究。首先,详述了FMCW雷达的工作原理,并对锯齿波FMCW雷达的测距理论进行了详细的阐述与分析。在现有理论的支持下,采用Mini-circuits公司的射频器件设计实现了小型的雷达实验系统,并对所采用的相关射频器件特点及参数进行了详细的介绍。在对雷达的回波功率谱进行了详细的分析之后,从系统和随机两个方面论述了影响FMCW雷达测距精度的因素。从频谱角度出发,提出能够提高FMCW雷达测距精度的谱最大值估值算法,并进行了相关实验进行验证。利用自主设计的FMCW雷达实验系统,进行了多普勒频移测速和线性调频波测距两个实验,使用MATLAB软件对实验得到的雷达信号进行数据处理,通过分析差频信号的时域与频域,获得目标距离和速度的信息。并分别从前期准备、实验流程数据采集、实验结果以及所用到的相关代码等方面对所做实验进行了详细的描述。实验证明,所设计的FMCW实验系统具有成本低、体积小、性能优良等特点,可用于FMCW雷达信号处理算法的教学与研究,所采用的谱最大值估值算法可提高测距精度。
[Abstract]:In recent years, FM continuous Wave (FMCW) radar has many advantages, such as simple structure, no blind area, high resolution, low transmitting power and strong ability to resist clutter. FMCW radar has many advantages such as precision weapon guidance, traffic control and detection, automobile anti-collision system, floor measurement, etc. Liquid level height measurement and other fields have been rapidly developed and applied. Based on the research and analysis of FMCW radar ranging theory and differential frequency signal processing, the FMCW radar ranging system is designed and implemented, and related experiments are carried out in this paper. Firstly, the working principle of FMCW radar is described in detail, and the ranging theory of saw tooth wave FMCW radar is described and analyzed in detail. With the support of existing theories, a small radar experimental system is designed and implemented by using the RF device of Mini-circuit Company, and the characteristics and parameters of the relevant RF device are introduced in detail. After a detailed analysis of the echo power spectrum of the radar, the factors affecting the ranging accuracy of the FMCW radar are discussed from the system and random aspects. From the spectrum point of view, a spectrum maximum estimation algorithm which can improve the range accuracy of FMCW radar is proposed and verified by relevant experiments. Using the FMCW radar experimental system designed by ourselves, two experiments of Doppler frequency shift velocity measurement and linear frequency modulation wave ranging are carried out. The radar signal obtained from the experiment is processed by MATLAB software, and the time domain and frequency domain of the difference frequency signal are analyzed. Get information about the distance and speed of the target. The experiments are described in detail from the aspects of preparation, data collection, experimental results and related codes. Experimental results show that the designed FMCW experimental system has the advantages of low cost, small volume and excellent performance. It can be used in the teaching and research of FMCW radar signal processing algorithm, and the spectrum maximum estimation algorithm can improve the ranging accuracy.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN957.51

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