宽波束圆极化微带天线的研究与设计
发布时间：2018-07-20 12:10
【摘要】：随着卫星通信和移动通信的快速发展,天线作为通信系统的重要组成部分,其性能优劣直接关乎整个系统的质量,所以对天线辐射特性提出了更高的要求。由于圆极化天线对左右旋极化波彼此隔离,互不接收,即旋向正交性,且入射到对称目标时旋向会发生逆转,所以具有较弱的多径效应和较强的抑制雨雾干扰等特性,故而在卫星导航定位系统中一般采用圆极化波作为卫星导航信号。而且为了尽可能多的接收卫星信号并且获得较好的信噪比,卫星导航定位系统要求天线不仅具有宽角圆极化覆盖,还必须有较高的低仰角增益和较宽的波束宽度。本文主要针对宽波束圆极化微带天线展开了研究分析,首先简述了选题的背景和意义以及国内外研究现状,总结了展宽波瓣宽度的几种方法。重点分析了圆极化波的产生条件和合成方法,经过单馈法原理分析和三维电磁仿真软件HFSS仿真计算,设计一款结构简单、圆极化性能良好的宽角圆极化微带天线并加工了实物。研究表明,在GPS工作频段内轴比小于2dB,且在两个主平面内3dB轴比波束几乎覆盖上半空间,半功率波束宽度为98°,满足设计指标的要求。本文分析了波束宽度的影响因素,研究了目前展宽波瓣宽度的方法,通过原理分析和软件仿真计算,设计了两款波束较宽的天线。加载金属方环的双层天线利用主辐射单元垂直辐射最强和寄生环水平辐射较强的特点,有效地展宽3dB波束宽度。优化设计表明,该天线在两个主平面内的3dB波束范围均大于140°,且波束覆盖空间内轴比小于3dB,最大增益为-0.9dB。加载金属柱的天线通过辐射贴片与金属柱之间的电磁耦合使天线的3dB波瓣宽度增大到140°,且波束范围内轴比小于2dB。同时通过金属柱顶端加载圆盘使天线剖面得到了有效降低,最大增益为3.2dB,10°仰角处的平均增益大于-0.5dB。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of satellite communication and mobile communication, antenna is an important part of communication system, and its performance is directly related to the quality of the whole system. Because the circular polarization antenna isolates the left and right spin polarization waves from each other and does not receive each other, that is, the rotation orthogonality, and when incident to the symmetrical target, the rotation direction will be reversed, so it has the characteristics of weak multipath effect and strong suppression of rain and fog interference, etc. Therefore, circular polarization wave is generally used as satellite navigation signal in satellite navigation and positioning system. In order to receive as many satellite signals as possible and obtain better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the satellite navigation and positioning system requires the antenna not only to have wide-angle circular polarization coverage, but also to have higher low-elevation gain and wider beam width. This paper mainly focuses on the research and analysis of wide-beam circularly polarized microstrip antenna. Firstly, the background and significance of the selected topic and the research status at home and abroad are briefly described, and several methods of broadening the width of the lobe are summarized. The generation condition and synthesis method of circular polarization wave are analyzed in detail. Through the principle analysis of single feed method and the simulation calculation of 3D electromagnetic simulation software HFSS, a wide circular polarized microstrip antenna with simple structure and good circular polarization performance is designed and processed. The results show that the axial ratio is less than 2 dB in the operating frequency band of GPS, and the 3dB axial ratio beam almost covers the upper half space and the width of the half power beam is 98 掳in the two main planes, which meets the requirements of the design index. In this paper, the influence factors of beamwidth are analyzed, and the methods of broadening lobe width are studied. Through principle analysis and software simulation, two antennas with wide beam width are designed. The double layer antenna loaded with metal square ring can effectively widen the 3dB beam width by taking advantage of the strong vertical radiation of the main radiation unit and the strong horizontal radiation of the parasitic ring. The optimized design shows that the 3dB beam range of the antenna is more than 140 掳in the two main planes, and the axial ratio in the coverage space is less than 3 dB, and the maximum gain is -0.9 dB. The antenna loaded with metal column increases the width of 3dB lobe to 140 掳by electromagnetic coupling between the radiation patch and the metal column, and the axial ratio within the beam range is less than 2 dB. At the same time, the antenna profile is reduced effectively by loading the disk at the top of the metal column, and the average gain at 10 掳elevation angle of 3.2 dB is greater than -0.5 dB.
【学位授予单位】：南京邮电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN822
本文编号：2133471
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of satellite communication and mobile communication, antenna is an important part of communication system, and its performance is directly related to the quality of the whole system. Because the circular polarization antenna isolates the left and right spin polarization waves from each other and does not receive each other, that is, the rotation orthogonality, and when incident to the symmetrical target, the rotation direction will be reversed, so it has the characteristics of weak multipath effect and strong suppression of rain and fog interference, etc. Therefore, circular polarization wave is generally used as satellite navigation signal in satellite navigation and positioning system. In order to receive as many satellite signals as possible and obtain better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the satellite navigation and positioning system requires the antenna not only to have wide-angle circular polarization coverage, but also to have higher low-elevation gain and wider beam width. This paper mainly focuses on the research and analysis of wide-beam circularly polarized microstrip antenna. Firstly, the background and significance of the selected topic and the research status at home and abroad are briefly described, and several methods of broadening the width of the lobe are summarized. The generation condition and synthesis method of circular polarization wave are analyzed in detail. Through the principle analysis of single feed method and the simulation calculation of 3D electromagnetic simulation software HFSS, a wide circular polarized microstrip antenna with simple structure and good circular polarization performance is designed and processed. The results show that the axial ratio is less than 2 dB in the operating frequency band of GPS, and the 3dB axial ratio beam almost covers the upper half space and the width of the half power beam is 98 掳in the two main planes, which meets the requirements of the design index. In this paper, the influence factors of beamwidth are analyzed, and the methods of broadening lobe width are studied. Through principle analysis and software simulation, two antennas with wide beam width are designed. The double layer antenna loaded with metal square ring can effectively widen the 3dB beam width by taking advantage of the strong vertical radiation of the main radiation unit and the strong horizontal radiation of the parasitic ring. The optimized design shows that the 3dB beam range of the antenna is more than 140 掳in the two main planes, and the axial ratio in the coverage space is less than 3 dB, and the maximum gain is -0.9 dB. The antenna loaded with metal column increases the width of 3dB lobe to 140 掳by electromagnetic coupling between the radiation patch and the metal column, and the axial ratio within the beam range is less than 2 dB. At the same time, the antenna profile is reduced effectively by loading the disk at the top of the metal column, and the average gain at 10 掳elevation angle of 3.2 dB is greater than -0.5 dB.
【学位授予单位】：南京邮电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN822
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