基于超宽带技术的室内导航系统设计

发布时间：2018-07-24 19:18

【摘要】：近几年来,随着GPS在智能手机和手持式设备中的集成应用,追踪与导航服务得到了广泛关注。人们开始意识到个人与物体的定位已成为日常的基本需求。目前,GPS系统几乎无所不在,且广泛应用于市场中的大部分智能手机。通过卫星定位技术,可以轻易的获取物体的地理位置,但是它需要一条卫星与GPS系统之间的清晰线路。实验证明,GPS信号强度容易被建筑物削弱,使得GPS定位不太适合在室内环境应用。目前,个人与物体的室内导航已经成了超市、酒店、医院等场所的潜在应用与基本需求。对于室内导航和定位,目前可利用的无线技术主要有RFID、蓝牙、超声和超宽频系统等。论文首先探究分析了不同室内导航定位的技术,并提出了一种适用于室内的导航定位系统,即UWB(超宽带)导航定位系统。由于功耗低,带宽高和时间分辨率优良等特性,该技术成了目前很有前景的定位技术。此外,本文还深入探讨了用于位置感知目的的TOA、TDOA、AOA、RSSI等算法的有效性,这些算法可有效的用于变电站室内环境。为了验证系统的有效性及可靠性,在实验室进行不同模型和多种干扰环境下的实验测试,测试结果表明系统的测量精度可以达到厘米级别。并评估了基于TDOA算法的超宽频系统的精确度。最后,针对在复杂结构的无人值守变电站中出现的故障位置寻找困难等问题,提出了基于UWB系统的解决方法。实验测试证明,该UWB设备可达到厘米级别的精度,很适合应用于无人值守变电站。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the integrated application of GPS in smart phones and handheld devices, tracking and navigation services have received wide attention. People are beginning to realize that the positioning of individuals and objects has become a basic daily need. At present, GPS systems are almost ubiquitous and widely used in most smartphones in the market. The location of objects can be easily obtained by satellite positioning technology, but it requires a clear line between the satellite and the GPS system. Experimental results show that GPS signal intensity is easily weakened by buildings, which makes GPS positioning not suitable for indoor environment. At present, the indoor navigation of individuals and objects has become the potential application and basic needs of supermarkets, hotels, hospitals and other places. For indoor navigation and positioning, the main wireless technologies available are RFID, Bluetooth, ultrasonic and UWB systems. Firstly, this paper analyzes the different technologies of indoor navigation and positioning, and proposes a kind of indoor navigation and positioning system, that is, UWB (Ultra-wideband) navigation and positioning system. Because of its low power consumption, high bandwidth and good time resolution, this technology has become a promising positioning technology. In addition, this paper also discusses the effectiveness of toadload AOAA RSSI algorithms for location sensing purposes, which can be effectively used in substation indoor environment. In order to verify the effectiveness and reliability of the system, the experimental results of different models and interference environments in the laboratory show that the measurement accuracy of the system can reach centimeter level. The accuracy of UWB system based on TDOA algorithm is evaluated. Finally, a solution based on UWB system is proposed to solve the problem of finding fault location in unattended substation with complex structure. The experimental results show that the UWB equipment can achieve centimeter accuracy and is suitable for unattended substations.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN925

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