球形相控阵天线的优化设计技术研究
发布时间：2018-08-18 21:28
【摘要】：相控阵天线技术自20世纪60年代诞生以来就以取代机械旋转天线的扫描方式可无惯性地快速追踪多目标等明显优势在近几十年内得到了快速发展。随着科技革新的不断深化,新的应用需求不断涌现,平面相控阵天线固有的不足日益凸显。共形相控阵扫描范围可以达到3/4球域覆盖,其单元易共形于物体表面,对空气动力学性能的影响小,剖面低、重量轻,提高了载体的空间利用率,因而共形相控阵天线技术具有更广阔的应用前景。本文针对性的研究了共形相控阵天线中的球形相控阵天线阵,对球形相控阵的远场计算方法、布阵、极化相位补偿、稀疏展开研究和仿真,并据此开展天线的设计工作,为球形相控阵天线的工程应用奠定基础。具体工作总结如下:1.研究了共形相控阵天线的基本模型、阵元间的互耦效应,极化定义,研究了遗传算法和免疫算法的基本原理、基本流程和优缺点,对二者进行了分析比较。2.研究了共形相控阵天线方向图的特殊性。共形相控阵天线的单元方向图不能作为公因子提出,而局部坐标系中的单元方向图通过欧拉旋转矩阵的方法变换为全局坐标系下的计算量过大,本文提出了一种简化算法可大幅度减少整个转换的计算量,并采用有源单元方向图法分析阵元间互耦效应,建立了考虑极化分量的共形相控阵天线远场方向图的计算模型。3.研究了球形相控阵的布阵形式。本文通过剖分投影法和加顶截顶法得到平面拼接球体的多种形式,并列举了多种多面体的具体剖分过程。4.研究了圆极化球形相控阵天线的非同向极化特性。本文介绍了球形阵地两种布局形式:极点分布、赤道分布,并分别推导其辐射远场的表达式,提出一种基于扫描角变化的相位补偿方法,仿真结果表明可有效地解决球形相控阵天线非同向极化造成的方向图恶化的问题。5.研究了自适应免疫遗传算法稀疏阵列天线。传统的遗传算法存在早熟、退化和收敛速度慢等缺点,本文在遗传算法的基础上加入了自适应交叉变异算子、疫苗接种算子、免疫检测算子、免疫平衡算子等功能之后,提出了自适应免疫遗传算法,该算法在个体更新、维持种群多样性方面上有很大改进,算法的收敛于全局最优解的速度得到了明显提高。自适应免疫遗传算法加密稀疏平面阵,保证了在一定波束扫描角度内加密稀疏后的天线阵列增益和满阵相比基本不变。6.研究了多面拼接球形相控阵天线的稀疏问题。共形天线阵具有空间加权的效果,其最大相对旁瓣电平低,用稀疏算法优化旁瓣性能的效果不显著,利用自适应免疫遗传算法加密稀疏平面子阵,保证了在一定波束扫描角度内加密稀疏后的天线阵列增益和满阵相比基本不变,再将其拼接成球形阵,间接实现了对整个球形阵的稀疏。
[Abstract]:Since the birth of phased array antenna technology in 1960s, the scanning mode of replacing mechanical rotating antenna has been developed rapidly in recent decades. With the deepening of scientific and technological innovation, new applications are constantly emerging, and the inherent deficiencies of planar phased array antennas are becoming increasingly prominent. The scanning range of conformal phased array can reach 3 / 4 sphere domain, and its unit is easily conformal on the surface of object, which has little effect on aerodynamics, low profile, light weight, and improves the space utilization ratio of the carrier. Therefore, conformal phased array antenna technology has a wider application prospect. In this paper, the spherical phased array antenna array in conformal phased array antenna is studied. The far-field calculation method, array layout, polarization phase compensation, sparse development and simulation of spherical phased array antenna are studied, and the design work of the antenna is carried out. It lays a foundation for the engineering application of spherical phased array antenna. The concrete work is summarized as follows: 1. The basic model of conformal phased array antenna, the mutual coupling effect between array elements, the definition of polarization, the basic principle of genetic algorithm and immune algorithm, the basic flow chart and the advantages and disadvantages are studied. The particularity of the pattern of conformal phased array antenna is studied. The element pattern of the conformal phased array antenna can not be presented as a common factor, but the element direction diagram in the local coordinate system is transformed into the global coordinate system by the method of Euler rotation matrix. In this paper, a simplified algorithm is proposed, which can greatly reduce the computation cost of the whole conversion. The mutual coupling effect between array elements is analyzed by using the active element pattern method, and the calculation model of far-field pattern of conformal phased array antenna considering polarization component is established. The configuration of spherical phased array is studied. In this paper, by means of the method of dividing projection and adding top section, we obtain many forms of planar spliced spheres, and enumerate the concrete dissection process of many kinds of polyhedrons .4. The nonconcentric polarization characteristics of circular polarized spherical phased array antenna are studied. In this paper, two layout forms of spherical position: pole distribution and equatorial distribution are introduced. The expressions of their far-field radiation are derived, and a phase compensation method based on the change of scanning angle is proposed. The simulation results show that the problem of pattern deterioration caused by noncoaxial polarization of spherical phased array antenna can be effectively solved. The adaptive immune genetic algorithm (IAGA) sparse array antenna is studied. The traditional genetic algorithm has some disadvantages, such as premature maturity, degradation and slow convergence. In this paper, the adaptive crossover mutation operator, vaccination operator, immune detection operator, immune balance operator and so on are added on the basis of genetic algorithm. An adaptive immune genetic algorithm is proposed in this paper. The algorithm is improved greatly in the aspect of individual updating and population diversity maintenance. The speed of convergence to the global optimal solution of the algorithm is obviously improved. Adaptive immune genetic algorithm is used to encrypt the sparse planar array, which ensures that the gain of the sparse antenna array after encryption at a certain beam scanning angle is almost unchanged compared with the full array. The sparse problem of spherical phased array antenna is studied. Conformal antenna array has the effect of spatial weighting, its maximum relative sidelobe level is low, the effect of optimizing sidelobe performance by sparse algorithm is not remarkable, and the sparse plane subarray is encrypted by adaptive immune genetic algorithm. It ensures that the gain of the antenna array with sparse encryption in a certain beam scanning angle is basically unchanged compared with the full array, and then splicing it into a spherical array, indirectly realizing the sparsity of the whole spherical array.
【学位授予单位】：中国航天科技集团公司第一研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN821.8
本文编号：2190737
[Abstract]:Since the birth of phased array antenna technology in 1960s, the scanning mode of replacing mechanical rotating antenna has been developed rapidly in recent decades. With the deepening of scientific and technological innovation, new applications are constantly emerging, and the inherent deficiencies of planar phased array antennas are becoming increasingly prominent. The scanning range of conformal phased array can reach 3 / 4 sphere domain, and its unit is easily conformal on the surface of object, which has little effect on aerodynamics, low profile, light weight, and improves the space utilization ratio of the carrier. Therefore, conformal phased array antenna technology has a wider application prospect. In this paper, the spherical phased array antenna array in conformal phased array antenna is studied. The far-field calculation method, array layout, polarization phase compensation, sparse development and simulation of spherical phased array antenna are studied, and the design work of the antenna is carried out. It lays a foundation for the engineering application of spherical phased array antenna. The concrete work is summarized as follows: 1. The basic model of conformal phased array antenna, the mutual coupling effect between array elements, the definition of polarization, the basic principle of genetic algorithm and immune algorithm, the basic flow chart and the advantages and disadvantages are studied. The particularity of the pattern of conformal phased array antenna is studied. The element pattern of the conformal phased array antenna can not be presented as a common factor, but the element direction diagram in the local coordinate system is transformed into the global coordinate system by the method of Euler rotation matrix. In this paper, a simplified algorithm is proposed, which can greatly reduce the computation cost of the whole conversion. The mutual coupling effect between array elements is analyzed by using the active element pattern method, and the calculation model of far-field pattern of conformal phased array antenna considering polarization component is established. The configuration of spherical phased array is studied. In this paper, by means of the method of dividing projection and adding top section, we obtain many forms of planar spliced spheres, and enumerate the concrete dissection process of many kinds of polyhedrons .4. The nonconcentric polarization characteristics of circular polarized spherical phased array antenna are studied. In this paper, two layout forms of spherical position: pole distribution and equatorial distribution are introduced. The expressions of their far-field radiation are derived, and a phase compensation method based on the change of scanning angle is proposed. The simulation results show that the problem of pattern deterioration caused by noncoaxial polarization of spherical phased array antenna can be effectively solved. The adaptive immune genetic algorithm (IAGA) sparse array antenna is studied. The traditional genetic algorithm has some disadvantages, such as premature maturity, degradation and slow convergence. In this paper, the adaptive crossover mutation operator, vaccination operator, immune detection operator, immune balance operator and so on are added on the basis of genetic algorithm. An adaptive immune genetic algorithm is proposed in this paper. The algorithm is improved greatly in the aspect of individual updating and population diversity maintenance. The speed of convergence to the global optimal solution of the algorithm is obviously improved. Adaptive immune genetic algorithm is used to encrypt the sparse planar array, which ensures that the gain of the sparse antenna array after encryption at a certain beam scanning angle is almost unchanged compared with the full array. The sparse problem of spherical phased array antenna is studied. Conformal antenna array has the effect of spatial weighting, its maximum relative sidelobe level is low, the effect of optimizing sidelobe performance by sparse algorithm is not remarkable, and the sparse plane subarray is encrypted by adaptive immune genetic algorithm. It ensures that the gain of the antenna array with sparse encryption in a certain beam scanning angle is basically unchanged compared with the full array, and then splicing it into a spherical array, indirectly realizing the sparsity of the whole spherical array.
【学位授予单位】：中国航天科技集团公司第一研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN821.8
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