基于无线Mesh网络的粮情测控系统的设计与实现
发布时间：2018-08-20 18:28
【摘要】：粮食存储是粮食安全的重要环节,每年由于不当的监管导致粮食在存储环节损耗不容小觑,因此做好科学储粮显得尤为重要。随着通信、电子技术在粮仓现场中的应用,数字化粮情测控系统大大提升了粮食存储的管理质量和效率。但目前主流的粮情测控系统仍然存在着功能简单、系统的兼容性差、数据传输速率低以及抗干扰能力差等问题,而这些问题的关键在于无线网络传输。针对这些问题,结合无线传感器网络技术、无线Mesh网络技术、传感器技术、智能控制技术、嵌入式应用开发技术等,设计了一种基于无线Mesh网络的粮情测控系统,分为数据采集控制子系统、Mesh网络传输子系统和主机子系统。该系统针对无线网络传输的关键问题,结合粮仓现场的建筑特点和数据业务需求,采用了两级无线网络传输结构。其中,一级无线网络传输结构为基于470MHz的Si4432模块组建的单跳无线传感器网络,用于各仓中传感器节点向其所属分机汇聚数据;二级无线网络传输结构为主干网传输结构,采用无线Mesh网络技术进行设计,以实现各分机粮情数据和视频业务数据向主机子系统的高速率、稳定传输。论文的主要工作概括如下:1、在数据采集子系统中,针对传感器节点功耗高的问题,采用Si4432射频模块的睡眠机制,并对Rx-On时间参数进行优化,实现分机对所辖传感器节点能够稳定、快速的唤醒。针对多仓传感器由于同频干扰的问题无法实现同时向所属分机进行数据上传的问题,在研究和测试Si4432射频模块最小正交子信道带宽的基础上,设计了无线信道划分机制,实现了多仓传感器同时向所属分机进行数据上传,提升了现场整体的测控效率。针对分机软件设计,采用了基于嵌入式Linux平台的多线程机制,实现了对Si4432通信线程、网络通信线程、无线Mesh网络线程以及设备信息同步线程的高效管理。针对视频监控设备的设计,采用了 EPOLL机制,实现对实时采集子模块、动态物体监控报警子模块以及通信子模块的高效管理。2、在Mesh网络传输子系统中,针对无线传感器网络数据汇聚速率低的问题,结合Mesh网络传输技术和粮库的特殊网络拓扑,设计了一种基于多正交子信道分配的骨干网传输机制,并进行了基于NS2平台的仿真。该机制能够提升骨干网的稳健性,并且仿真结果表明该机制能够满足视频业务等现场数据传输的带宽和实时性要求。3、针对主机子系统的设计,在嵌入式ARM+Linux平台上搭载了本地服务器、web服务器、流媒体服务器以及数据库,实现对环境检测,视频查看,报警图片查看、报警信息的浏览以及智能化控制,能够实现与云服务器无缝对接。
[Abstract]:Grain storage is an important link of food security. Due to improper supervision and management, the loss of grain in storage is not to be underestimated, so it is particularly important to do a good job of scientific grain storage. With the application of communication and electronic technology in the field of grain storage, the management quality and efficiency of grain storage are greatly improved by the digital grain condition measurement and control system. However, there are still some problems such as simple function, poor system compatibility, low data transmission rate and poor anti-interference ability in the current mainstream grain condition measurement and control system. The key of these problems is wireless network transmission. Aiming at these problems, combining wireless sensor network technology, wireless Mesh network technology, sensor technology, intelligent control technology, embedded application development technology and so on, a grain condition measurement and control system based on wireless Mesh network is designed. It is divided into data acquisition and control subsystem, mesh network transmission subsystem and host subsystem. Aiming at the key problem of wireless network transmission, the system combines the building characteristics of granary and the demand of data service, and adopts the two-level wireless network transmission structure. Among them, the primary wireless network transmission structure is a single-hop wireless sensor network based on Si4432 module of 470MHz, which is used to aggregate data from sensor nodes in each warehouse to its extension, and the secondary wireless network transmission structure is a backbone network transmission structure. The wireless Mesh network technology is adopted to realize the high speed and stable transmission of the grain and video service data from each extension to the host subsystem. The main work of this paper is summarized as follows: in the data acquisition subsystem, aiming at the problem of high power consumption of sensor nodes, the sleep mechanism of Si4432 radio frequency module is adopted, and the Rx-On time parameters are optimized. The extension can wake up the sensor nodes stably and quickly. In view of the problem that multi-warehouse sensors can not upload data to their extension simultaneously due to the same frequency interference, a wireless channel partition mechanism is designed based on the research and test of the minimum orthogonal sub-channel bandwidth of Si4432 RF module. The multi-warehouse sensor can upload data to its extension at the same time, and improve the efficiency of field measurement and control. Aiming at the extension software design, the multithreading mechanism based on embedded Linux platform is adopted to manage the Si4432 communication thread, network communication thread, wireless Mesh network thread and device information synchronization thread efficiently. Aiming at the design of video surveillance equipment, EPOLL mechanism is adopted to realize the efficient management of real-time acquisition sub-module, dynamic object monitoring and alarm sub-module and communication sub-module. It is used in the Mesh network transmission subsystem. Aiming at the problem of low data convergence rate in wireless sensor networks, combining with Mesh network transmission technology and special network topology of grain depot, a backbone network transmission mechanism based on multi-orthogonal sub-channel allocation is designed, and the simulation based on NS2 platform is carried out. The mechanism can improve the robustness of the backbone network, and the simulation results show that the mechanism can meet the bandwidth and real-time requirements of video traffic and other field data transmission, aiming at the design of host subsystem. The local server, streaming media server and database are mounted on the embedded ARM Linux platform to realize environment detection, video viewing, alarm picture viewing, alarm information browsing and intelligent control. Can achieve seamless docking with cloud server.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP212.9;TP274
[Abstract]:Grain storage is an important link of food security. Due to improper supervision and management, the loss of grain in storage is not to be underestimated, so it is particularly important to do a good job of scientific grain storage. With the application of communication and electronic technology in the field of grain storage, the management quality and efficiency of grain storage are greatly improved by the digital grain condition measurement and control system. However, there are still some problems such as simple function, poor system compatibility, low data transmission rate and poor anti-interference ability in the current mainstream grain condition measurement and control system. The key of these problems is wireless network transmission. Aiming at these problems, combining wireless sensor network technology, wireless Mesh network technology, sensor technology, intelligent control technology, embedded application development technology and so on, a grain condition measurement and control system based on wireless Mesh network is designed. It is divided into data acquisition and control subsystem, mesh network transmission subsystem and host subsystem. Aiming at the key problem of wireless network transmission, the system combines the building characteristics of granary and the demand of data service, and adopts the two-level wireless network transmission structure. Among them, the primary wireless network transmission structure is a single-hop wireless sensor network based on Si4432 module of 470MHz, which is used to aggregate data from sensor nodes in each warehouse to its extension, and the secondary wireless network transmission structure is a backbone network transmission structure. The wireless Mesh network technology is adopted to realize the high speed and stable transmission of the grain and video service data from each extension to the host subsystem. The main work of this paper is summarized as follows: in the data acquisition subsystem, aiming at the problem of high power consumption of sensor nodes, the sleep mechanism of Si4432 radio frequency module is adopted, and the Rx-On time parameters are optimized. The extension can wake up the sensor nodes stably and quickly. In view of the problem that multi-warehouse sensors can not upload data to their extension simultaneously due to the same frequency interference, a wireless channel partition mechanism is designed based on the research and test of the minimum orthogonal sub-channel bandwidth of Si4432 RF module. The multi-warehouse sensor can upload data to its extension at the same time, and improve the efficiency of field measurement and control. Aiming at the extension software design, the multithreading mechanism based on embedded Linux platform is adopted to manage the Si4432 communication thread, network communication thread, wireless Mesh network thread and device information synchronization thread efficiently. Aiming at the design of video surveillance equipment, EPOLL mechanism is adopted to realize the efficient management of real-time acquisition sub-module, dynamic object monitoring and alarm sub-module and communication sub-module. It is used in the Mesh network transmission subsystem. Aiming at the problem of low data convergence rate in wireless sensor networks, combining with Mesh network transmission technology and special network topology of grain depot, a backbone network transmission mechanism based on multi-orthogonal sub-channel allocation is designed, and the simulation based on NS2 platform is carried out. The mechanism can improve the robustness of the backbone network, and the simulation results show that the mechanism can meet the bandwidth and real-time requirements of video traffic and other field data transmission, aiming at the design of host subsystem. The local server, streaming media server and database are mounted on the embedded ARM Linux platform to realize environment detection, video viewing, alarm picture viewing, alarm information browsing and intelligent control. Can achieve seamless docking with cloud server.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP212.9;TP274
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