基于能量收获技术的WSN压力传感器节点研究
发布时间：2018-08-21 09:28
【摘要】：无线传感器网络(WSN)技术凭借其灵活性高、适应环境能力强、检测区域范围广等优势越来越多地受到国内外专家、学者地广泛关注。从其发展现状来看,无线传感器网络已经遍布我们生产生活的方方面面,尤其成为工业检测、监测等项目领域中不可或缺的关键性技术。传统的无线传感器网络是采用统一的外部供电电源,通过布线方式连接到每个传感器节点从而实现对各个传感器的持续供能。但随着其应用的广泛性越来越高,在一些复杂的特殊环境下,例如在高危的军事禁区,甚至是充斥着有毒、有害物质的场所中,工作人员无法到达,导致传统的供电方式难以满足实际需求。系统采用压力传感器作为网络节点,通过分别在软、硬件两方面实现了节点“低能耗”设计,软件部分采用程序语句优化、设置系统睡眠机制等方式来实现,每个数据通信周期内,只有进行数据无线发送和接受时处理器工作在主动模式下,其余时间设置为睡眠模式。硬件部分是在保证满足系统要求的情况下按照低功耗标准进行设备的选型以及外围电路设计。基于能量收获技术设计了太阳能发电和压电陶瓷发电两种能量补充方式以保证供电的稳定可靠,解决了无线传感器网络在特殊环境下节点的能量供应问题。本文在广泛地学习、吸收国内外相关理论成果的基础上结合自身研究内容,提出了新型的能量收获无线传感器网络系统。首先进行系统的前端模块设计,使其能够完成对被检测对象压力信息的快速、精确数据采集;其次,我们选择了压电陶瓷作为自主供电模块设计的主要材料,实现将机械振动能高效转换为电能为网络节点进行供电;最终将其应用于汽车胎压监测系统(TPMS)当中,设计完成了基于无线传感器网络节点的胎压监测系统。该系统在保留原无线传感器网络技术优势的同时加入了自供电电源模块部分,增强了系统的灵活性和可靠性。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor network (WSN) technology has been paid more and more attention by domestic and foreign experts and scholars because of its high flexibility, strong ability to adapt to the environment, wide detection area and other advantages. According to its current situation, wireless sensor networks have spread all aspects of our production and life, especially become an indispensable key technology in the field of industrial detection, monitoring and other projects. The traditional wireless sensor network is connected to each sensor node by a unified external power supply, so as to realize the continuous energy supply to each sensor. But as its application becomes more and more widespread, in some complex and special circumstances, such as in high-risk military exclusion zones, or even in places full of toxic and hazardous substances, staff are unable to reach them. As a result, the traditional power supply method is difficult to meet the actual demand. The system adopts the pressure sensor as the network node, realizes the node "low energy consumption" design in the software and hardware, the software part adopts the program statement optimization, sets the system sleep mechanism and so on. During each data communication cycle, the processor works in active mode only when the data is sent and received wirelessly, and the rest of the time is set to sleep mode. The hardware part is to select the equipment and design the peripheral circuit according to the low power standard in order to meet the requirements of the system. Based on the energy harvesting technology, solar power generation and piezoelectric ceramic power generation are designed to ensure the stability and reliability of power supply, and the energy supply problem of wireless sensor network nodes in special environment is solved. In this paper, a new energy harvesting wireless sensor network system is proposed on the basis of extensive study and absorption of related theoretical achievements at home and abroad. First, the front-end module of the system is designed so that it can complete the rapid and accurate data acquisition of the pressure information of the detected object. Secondly, we choose piezoelectric ceramics as the main material for the design of the self-powered power module. The mechanical vibration can be converted into electric energy to power the network node. Finally, it is applied to the vehicle tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS), and the tire pressure monitoring system based on wireless sensor network node is designed. The system not only retains the advantages of the original wireless sensor network technology, but also adds the self-supply power module, which enhances the flexibility and reliability of the system.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP212.9
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor network (WSN) technology has been paid more and more attention by domestic and foreign experts and scholars because of its high flexibility, strong ability to adapt to the environment, wide detection area and other advantages. According to its current situation, wireless sensor networks have spread all aspects of our production and life, especially become an indispensable key technology in the field of industrial detection, monitoring and other projects. The traditional wireless sensor network is connected to each sensor node by a unified external power supply, so as to realize the continuous energy supply to each sensor. But as its application becomes more and more widespread, in some complex and special circumstances, such as in high-risk military exclusion zones, or even in places full of toxic and hazardous substances, staff are unable to reach them. As a result, the traditional power supply method is difficult to meet the actual demand. The system adopts the pressure sensor as the network node, realizes the node "low energy consumption" design in the software and hardware, the software part adopts the program statement optimization, sets the system sleep mechanism and so on. During each data communication cycle, the processor works in active mode only when the data is sent and received wirelessly, and the rest of the time is set to sleep mode. The hardware part is to select the equipment and design the peripheral circuit according to the low power standard in order to meet the requirements of the system. Based on the energy harvesting technology, solar power generation and piezoelectric ceramic power generation are designed to ensure the stability and reliability of power supply, and the energy supply problem of wireless sensor network nodes in special environment is solved. In this paper, a new energy harvesting wireless sensor network system is proposed on the basis of extensive study and absorption of related theoretical achievements at home and abroad. First, the front-end module of the system is designed so that it can complete the rapid and accurate data acquisition of the pressure information of the detected object. Secondly, we choose piezoelectric ceramics as the main material for the design of the self-powered power module. The mechanical vibration can be converted into electric energy to power the network node. Finally, it is applied to the vehicle tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS), and the tire pressure monitoring system based on wireless sensor network node is designed. The system not only retains the advantages of the original wireless sensor network technology, but also adds the self-supply power module, which enhances the flexibility and reliability of the system.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP212.9
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