基于基片集成波导毫米波单脉冲天线的研究
发布时间：2018-08-23 19:57
【摘要】：单脉冲雷达天线通过单个回波脉冲就可以获取出目标的全部方向信息及距离信息,具有很高的定位精度和极强的抗干扰能力,已广泛应用于弹载末制导系统中。为满足平台的特殊要求,理想的单脉冲天线应具有体积小、重量轻、易集成等特点。基片集成波导(SIW)是近年来提出的一种新型导波电路。它结合了微带电路和矩形波导的优点,具有成本低、重量轻、结构紧凑、易与其他有源及无源电路集成的特性,已经被广泛使用于低剖面微波器件设计中。本论文有机结合SIW技术与平面裂缝阵天线技术,提出了一种具有低剖面、轻重量、低旁瓣、高增益的毫米波单脉冲天线系统。总体尺寸为80mm?144mm?1.088mm。设计结果表明,该天线增益为27.82d B,俯仰面和波束副瓣电平为-29dB,方位面和波束副瓣电平为-24.1dB。具体研究内容如下:1、为了实现天线俯仰面方向图低旁瓣特性,采用泰勒分布方法设计了两根背靠背16槽缝隙天线结构。论文首先对SIW的传输特性以及驻波裂缝阵的设计方法开展了理论研究,基于该理论完成了参数优化设计程序的编制,并给出了一维裂缝阵的设计参数。仿真得到天线的增益为18.23dB,旁瓣电平为-30.2dB。其次,将8条同样的缝隙天线组成天线阵面进行仿真,得到了俯仰面和方位面方向的和差波束。最大增益为27.82dB,俯仰面内旁瓣电平为-29dB,方位面内旁瓣电平为-13.1dB。2、为了实现天线方位面方向图低旁瓣特性,设计了八路同样具有泰勒分布的SIW功分网络。文中首先开展了8路均匀功分网络的设计,然后对T型、Y型不等功分网络进行分析;在此设计基础上调节电流分支处和拐角处的电感柱的相对位置,实现了各输出端口功率满足泰勒分布,相位满足同相。进而将功分网络与天线阵进行联合仿真,结果表明采用该功分网络能够有效降低天线方位面旁瓣电平,且较均匀功分系统相比副瓣电平降低了11dB。3、为了对辐射天线馈电,形成和差波束,设计了SIW单脉冲比较器。其由定向耦合器、移相器和SIW到矩形波导的过渡结构组成。在34-36GHz频带内,各端口回波损耗基本都在-25dB以下,幅度不一致性小于0.6dB,相位不一致性小于3.9deg;同时,结合项目需要,利用相同的设计方法完成了另一种基于卡式结构的单脉冲天线配套比较器设计。4、完成了毫米波单脉冲天线一体化系统设计。并对过渡段结构以及对基于卡式结构单脉冲天线配套的单脉冲比较器进行了实物加工以及测试;同时为了验证一维线阵方法,对早期加工的单脉冲均匀馈电裂缝阵天线进行测试。本文的特色有三点。第一、在设计SIW多路功分网络时,传统的做法是采用等功率输出。本文首次在功分网络中采用泰勒口径分布,实现了整个天线阵面方位面低旁瓣特性。第二、在设计SIW单脉冲比较器时,传统的是采用微带线过渡结构进行测试。本文在单脉冲比较器中采用基片集成波导到矩形波导的过渡结构,降低了整体结构的插损。第三、在设计整个SIW单脉冲天线时,本文在天线的方位面和俯仰面上同时采用泰勒分布,降低了天线方位面和俯仰面的旁瓣电平。
[Abstract]:Monopulse radar antenna can obtain all direction information and range information of the target through a single echo pulse. It has high positioning accuracy and strong anti-jamming ability. It has been widely used in missile-borne terminal guidance system. Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is a new type of guided wave circuit proposed in recent years. It combines the advantages of microstrip circuit and rectangular waveguide, has the characteristics of low cost, light weight, compact structure, easy integration with other active and passive circuits, and has been widely used in the design of low profile microwave devices. A millimeter wave monopulse antenna system with low profile, light weight, low sidelobe and high gain is presented. The overall size of the system is 80mm? 144mm? 1.088mm. The design results show that the gain of the antenna is 27.82dB, the pitch and beam sidelobe levels are - 29dB, and the azimuth and beam sidelobe levels are - 24.1dB. The main contents are as follows: 1. In order to realize the low sidelobe characteristic of the antenna pitch pattern, two 16 slot back-to-back slot antenna structures are designed by Taylor distribution method. Firstly, the transmission characteristics of SIW and the design method of standing wave slot array are studied theoretically. Based on this theory, the parameter optimization program is compiled and given. The gain of the antenna is 18.23 dB and the sidelobe level is - 30.2 dB. Secondly, the sum and difference beams of the pitch and azimuth directions are obtained by simulating 8 same slot antennas. The maximum gain is 27.82 dB, the sidelobe level in the pitch is - 29 dB and the sidelobe level in the azimuth plane is - 29 dB. - 13.1dB.2. In order to realize the low sidelobe characteristic of antenna azimuth pattern, eight SIW power divider networks with Taylor distribution are designed. Firstly, eight uniform power divider networks are designed, and then T-type and Y-type unequal power divider networks are analyzed. Then the power dividing network and the antenna array are jointly simulated. The results show that the power dividing network can effectively reduce the sidelobe level of the azimuth plane of the antenna, and the sidelobe level of the uniform power dividing system is reduced by 11 dB.3 compared with that of the uniform power dividing system. The SIW monopulse comparator consists of directional coupler, phase shifter and the transition structure from SIW to rectangular waveguide. In the frequency band of 34-36GHz, the return loss of each port is basically below - 25dB, the amplitude inconsistency is less than 0.6dB, and the phase inconsistency is less than 3.9deg. In order to verify the one-dimensional linear array method, the design of millimeter-wave monopulse antenna integrated system is completed. The transition section structure and the monopulse comparator based on the single-pulse antenna are fabricated and tested. The characteristics of this paper are as follows: Firstly, when designing the SIW multi-channel power divider network, the traditional method is to use equal power output. In this paper, the Taylor aperture distribution is used in the power divider network for the first time to realize the low sidelobe characteristics of the whole antenna array. Secondly, the SIW single-channel power divider network is designed. In this paper, the transition structure from substrate integrated waveguide to rectangular waveguide is used in monopulse comparator to reduce the insertion loss of the whole structure. The sidelobe level of antenna azimuth and pitch plane is reduced.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN820
本文编号：2199756
[Abstract]:Monopulse radar antenna can obtain all direction information and range information of the target through a single echo pulse. It has high positioning accuracy and strong anti-jamming ability. It has been widely used in missile-borne terminal guidance system. Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is a new type of guided wave circuit proposed in recent years. It combines the advantages of microstrip circuit and rectangular waveguide, has the characteristics of low cost, light weight, compact structure, easy integration with other active and passive circuits, and has been widely used in the design of low profile microwave devices. A millimeter wave monopulse antenna system with low profile, light weight, low sidelobe and high gain is presented. The overall size of the system is 80mm? 144mm? 1.088mm. The design results show that the gain of the antenna is 27.82dB, the pitch and beam sidelobe levels are - 29dB, and the azimuth and beam sidelobe levels are - 24.1dB. The main contents are as follows: 1. In order to realize the low sidelobe characteristic of the antenna pitch pattern, two 16 slot back-to-back slot antenna structures are designed by Taylor distribution method. Firstly, the transmission characteristics of SIW and the design method of standing wave slot array are studied theoretically. Based on this theory, the parameter optimization program is compiled and given. The gain of the antenna is 18.23 dB and the sidelobe level is - 30.2 dB. Secondly, the sum and difference beams of the pitch and azimuth directions are obtained by simulating 8 same slot antennas. The maximum gain is 27.82 dB, the sidelobe level in the pitch is - 29 dB and the sidelobe level in the azimuth plane is - 29 dB. - 13.1dB.2. In order to realize the low sidelobe characteristic of antenna azimuth pattern, eight SIW power divider networks with Taylor distribution are designed. Firstly, eight uniform power divider networks are designed, and then T-type and Y-type unequal power divider networks are analyzed. Then the power dividing network and the antenna array are jointly simulated. The results show that the power dividing network can effectively reduce the sidelobe level of the azimuth plane of the antenna, and the sidelobe level of the uniform power dividing system is reduced by 11 dB.3 compared with that of the uniform power dividing system. The SIW monopulse comparator consists of directional coupler, phase shifter and the transition structure from SIW to rectangular waveguide. In the frequency band of 34-36GHz, the return loss of each port is basically below - 25dB, the amplitude inconsistency is less than 0.6dB, and the phase inconsistency is less than 3.9deg. In order to verify the one-dimensional linear array method, the design of millimeter-wave monopulse antenna integrated system is completed. The transition section structure and the monopulse comparator based on the single-pulse antenna are fabricated and tested. The characteristics of this paper are as follows: Firstly, when designing the SIW multi-channel power divider network, the traditional method is to use equal power output. In this paper, the Taylor aperture distribution is used in the power divider network for the first time to realize the low sidelobe characteristics of the whole antenna array. Secondly, the SIW single-channel power divider network is designed. In this paper, the transition structure from substrate integrated waveguide to rectangular waveguide is used in monopulse comparator to reduce the insertion loss of the whole structure. The sidelobe level of antenna azimuth and pitch plane is reduced.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN820
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