天线多极化技术研究
发布时间：2018-09-04 11:13
【摘要】：无线频谱资源是一种有限且极其宝贵的自然资源,为了高效的利用这些频谱资源,世界各国科学工作者提出了许多先进的通信技术来提高频谱的利用率,其中一种是本论文所重点关注的天线分集技术。天线分集技术主要包括四种类型:空间分集、极化分集、方向图分集和频率分集。极化分集天线不但能够成倍的增加信道容量,还能实现天线单元和频率的复用,因而近年来受到了越来越多的重视。在公开发表的文献中,常提及的多为双线极化和双圆极化天线,而三种极化或四种极化的天线却比较少见。本文选取微带贴片天线作为基本的天线结构,对多极化技术进行了深入的研究。第一章介绍了本文工作的研究背景以及多极化天线的发展历程,并对近年来多极化天线的研究进展进行了总结。第二章为本论文工作所涉及的基本概念和原理。首先,介绍了微带贴片天线的基本工作原理和微带贴片天线的三种不同分析方法,包括传输线模型、空腔模型和全波仿真法,同时,还给出了微带贴片天线的设计方法。最后介绍了天线极化的基本概念及其应用。第三章介绍了一款基于微带天线设计的、应用于2.4GHz的低剖面宽频带双极化天线,该天线由四个弧状T形结构、圆形贴片以及差分馈电网络构成,弧状T形结构加载于圆形贴片的四周。由于加载有四个弧状T形枝节,在主谐振的附近产生了一个寄生谐振,从而拓展了天线的工作带宽。仿真和测试结果表明,在2.4-2.5GHz内天线获得了良好的阻抗匹配和双极化性能且具有极低的交叉极化。同时该天线具有非常低的剖面高度,其厚度仅有0.031λ,相比于其他类似天线更加轻薄小巧。第四章介绍了 一款基于便捷切换馈电网络的四极化天线,该天线主要包含辐射贴片和馈电网络两个部分。其中,馈电网络由威尔金森功分器、慢波传输线、谢夫曼移相器、分支线混合网络和电桥等多种微波无源器件构成,通过控制馈电网络的馈电方式分别实现了+45°线极化、-45°线极化、左旋圆极化和右旋圆极化四种不同的极化工作模式。天线性能通过仿真和样品测试进行了验证。第五章总结了全文工作,分析并给出了本文的一些不足之处以及后续的改进方向。
[Abstract]:Wireless spectrum resource is a kind of limited and extremely precious natural resources. In order to make efficient use of these spectrum resources, many advanced communication technologies have been put forward by scientists all over the world to improve the efficiency of spectrum utilization. One of them is antenna diversity, which is the focus of this paper. Antenna diversity includes four types: spatial diversity, polarization diversity, pattern diversity and frequency diversity. Polarization diversity antenna can not only increase the channel capacity exponentially, but also realize the multiplexing of antenna elements and frequencies, so it has been paid more and more attention in recent years. In the published literatures, the most commonly mentioned antennas are two-line polarization and double-circular polarization antenna, but three or four polarization antennas are rare. In this paper, the microstrip patch antenna is selected as the basic antenna structure, and the multi-polarization technique is deeply studied. In the first chapter, the research background and the development history of multi-polarization antenna are introduced, and the research progress of multi-polarization antenna in recent years is summarized. The second chapter is the basic concepts and principles involved in this paper. Firstly, the basic principle of microstrip patch antenna and three different analysis methods of microstrip patch antenna are introduced, including transmission line model, cavity model and full-wave simulation method. At the same time, the design method of microstrip patch antenna is also presented. Finally, the basic concept and application of antenna polarization are introduced. In chapter 3, a low profile broadband dual-polarization antenna based on microstrip antenna for 2.4GHz is introduced. The antenna is composed of four arcuate T-shaped structures, circular patch and differential feed network. The arc T-shaped structure is loaded around the circular patch. Due to the loading of four arcuate T-shaped branches, a parasitic resonance is generated near the main resonance, which extends the bandwidth of the antenna. The simulation and test results show that the antenna has good impedance matching and dual polarization performance in 2.4-2.5GHz and has very low cross-polarization. At the same time, the antenna has a very low profile height and its thickness is only 0.031 位, which is lighter and smaller than other similar antennas. In chapter 4, a four-polarization antenna based on convenient switching feed network is introduced. The antenna consists of two parts: radiation patch and feed network. Among them, the feed network is composed of Wilkinson power divider, slow wave transmission line, Schaffman phase shifter, branch line hybrid network and bridge, etc. By controlling the feed mode of the feed network, four different polarization modes, namely 45 掳line polarization, left circle polarization and right circle polarization, are realized respectively. The antenna performance is verified by simulation and sample test. The fifth chapter summarizes the work of this paper, analyzes and gives some shortcomings of this paper and the direction of further improvement.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN820
本文编号：2221913
[Abstract]:Wireless spectrum resource is a kind of limited and extremely precious natural resources. In order to make efficient use of these spectrum resources, many advanced communication technologies have been put forward by scientists all over the world to improve the efficiency of spectrum utilization. One of them is antenna diversity, which is the focus of this paper. Antenna diversity includes four types: spatial diversity, polarization diversity, pattern diversity and frequency diversity. Polarization diversity antenna can not only increase the channel capacity exponentially, but also realize the multiplexing of antenna elements and frequencies, so it has been paid more and more attention in recent years. In the published literatures, the most commonly mentioned antennas are two-line polarization and double-circular polarization antenna, but three or four polarization antennas are rare. In this paper, the microstrip patch antenna is selected as the basic antenna structure, and the multi-polarization technique is deeply studied. In the first chapter, the research background and the development history of multi-polarization antenna are introduced, and the research progress of multi-polarization antenna in recent years is summarized. The second chapter is the basic concepts and principles involved in this paper. Firstly, the basic principle of microstrip patch antenna and three different analysis methods of microstrip patch antenna are introduced, including transmission line model, cavity model and full-wave simulation method. At the same time, the design method of microstrip patch antenna is also presented. Finally, the basic concept and application of antenna polarization are introduced. In chapter 3, a low profile broadband dual-polarization antenna based on microstrip antenna for 2.4GHz is introduced. The antenna is composed of four arcuate T-shaped structures, circular patch and differential feed network. The arc T-shaped structure is loaded around the circular patch. Due to the loading of four arcuate T-shaped branches, a parasitic resonance is generated near the main resonance, which extends the bandwidth of the antenna. The simulation and test results show that the antenna has good impedance matching and dual polarization performance in 2.4-2.5GHz and has very low cross-polarization. At the same time, the antenna has a very low profile height and its thickness is only 0.031 位, which is lighter and smaller than other similar antennas. In chapter 4, a four-polarization antenna based on convenient switching feed network is introduced. The antenna consists of two parts: radiation patch and feed network. Among them, the feed network is composed of Wilkinson power divider, slow wave transmission line, Schaffman phase shifter, branch line hybrid network and bridge, etc. By controlling the feed mode of the feed network, four different polarization modes, namely 45 掳line polarization, left circle polarization and right circle polarization, are realized respectively. The antenna performance is verified by simulation and sample test. The fifth chapter summarizes the work of this paper, analyzes and gives some shortcomings of this paper and the direction of further improvement.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN820
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