无线传感器网络在测风塔气象要素实时监测系统中的应用
发布时间：2018-09-06 14:01
【摘要】：近年来,气候变化、环境污染以及世界能源危机日益加剧,可再生能源的利用和发展已经受到世界各国政府的高度重视,其中风电产业发展尤其突出。随机性很强是风的一个显著特性,这个特性使风力发电具有波动性、间歇性和随机性的特点,导致风电场发电功率波动,对地区电网整体运行产生了不良影响,进而影响到了整个地区总网的电压稳定。为了改善和解决风力发电存在的这些问题,风电功率预测系统应运而生。该系统根据风电场有关气象数据,利用物理模拟计算和科学统计方法,预测出风电场的功率,提高了风电场与电力系统协调运行的能力,从而实现风电高效利用和安全入网。目前风电场气象数据采用各个测风塔独立采集然后通过GPRS上传的方式,但由于风电场地处偏远且面积很大导致GPRS信号无法全部覆盖,使得部分测风塔数据无法及时上传,很大程度上降低了风功率预测预报的准确性。为了解决上述问题本文设计了一个基于无线传感器网络的测风塔气象要素实时监测系统。论文首先对测风塔气象要素监测系统的作用和结构做了介绍,对本系统所采用的关键技术和系统的设计要点做了深入分析和研究,在此基础上完成了系统总体设计。系统采用ZigBee网络将风电场区域的测风塔进行组网,每个测风塔上面安装一个传感器模块用于采集数据,测风塔之间放置路由节点将数据转发至网关模块,网关模块放置在GPRS信号较好的区域,用于收集传感器模块采集的数据并且使用GPRS网络将数据转发至中心站。论文对系统的硬件和软件做了详细设计。硬件设计包括传感器模块和网关模块的设计;两个模块的主体结构采用了STM32和CC2530相结合的方式,采用CH376模块为系统增加了数据存储和备份数据的功能,采用CC2591模块大幅增加了系统ZigBee模块的通信距离,还采用了MAX3485模块提升了系统的扩展能力,并且对各个模块之间的接口电路做了详细的设计。系统的软件设计主要包括两部分,一是在Z-Stack协议栈的应用层添加自定义函数实现了ZigBee网络的数据接收和发送,二是以STM32为硬件平台进行程序设计实现了数据采集、数据处理、数据存储和协议转换等功能。本文设计的测风塔气象要素采集系统具有扩展性好、数据存储容量大、适应性强、成本低等特点,为风电预测预报提供了全面、实时的风电场气象数据,较好地改善了现有系统的性能,提高了风电预测预报的准确性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, climate change, environmental pollution and the world energy crisis are becoming more and more serious. The utilization and development of renewable energy have been attached great importance by the governments all over the world, especially the development of wind power industry. The strong randomness is a remarkable characteristic of wind, which makes wind power generation have the characteristics of volatility, intermittence and randomness, which leads to the fluctuation of wind farm power generation, which has a negative impact on the whole operation of regional power grid. Then it affects the voltage stability of the whole area network. In order to improve and solve these problems of wind power generation, wind power forecasting system arises at the historic moment. Based on the meteorological data of wind farm, the power of wind farm is predicted by physical simulation calculation and scientific statistical method, which improves the ability of coordinated operation between wind farm and power system, and realizes the efficient utilization of wind power and safe access to network. At present, wind farm meteorological data are collected independently by each wind tower and uploaded through GPRS. However, because of the remote and large area of wind farm, the GPRS signal can not be completely covered, which makes some wind tower data can not be uploaded in time. The accuracy of wind power prediction is greatly reduced. In order to solve the above problems, this paper designs a real-time monitoring system of wind tower meteorological elements based on wireless sensor network. Firstly, the paper introduces the function and structure of the wind tower meteorological element monitoring system, and makes a thorough analysis and research on the key technology and the design key points of the system, and then completes the overall design of the system. The system uses the ZigBee network to network the wind tower in the wind farm area. A sensor module is installed on each wind tower to collect data, and a routing node is placed between the wind towers to transmit the data to the gateway module. The gateway module is placed in the area where the GPRS signal is better. It is used to collect the data collected by the sensor module and forward the data to the central station using the GPRS network. The hardware and software of the system are designed in detail. The hardware design includes the design of sensor module and gateway module, the main structure of the two modules adopts the combination of STM32 and CC2530, and the CH376 module adds the functions of data storage and backup for the system. The communication distance of the system ZigBee module is greatly increased by using CC2591 module, and the extension ability of the system is improved by using the MAX3485 module, and the interface circuit between each module is designed in detail. The software design of the system mainly includes two parts. One is to add the custom function in the application layer of the Z-Stack protocol stack to realize the data receiving and sending of the ZigBee network; the other is to design and implement the data acquisition and data processing based on the STM32 hardware platform. Data storage and protocol conversion and other functions. The wind tower meteorological element acquisition system designed in this paper has the characteristics of good expansibility, large data storage capacity, strong adaptability and low cost. It provides comprehensive and real-time wind farm meteorological data for wind power forecasting and forecasting. The performance of the existing system is improved and the accuracy of wind power forecast is improved.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM614;TP212.9;TN929.5
本文编号：2226572
[Abstract]:In recent years, climate change, environmental pollution and the world energy crisis are becoming more and more serious. The utilization and development of renewable energy have been attached great importance by the governments all over the world, especially the development of wind power industry. The strong randomness is a remarkable characteristic of wind, which makes wind power generation have the characteristics of volatility, intermittence and randomness, which leads to the fluctuation of wind farm power generation, which has a negative impact on the whole operation of regional power grid. Then it affects the voltage stability of the whole area network. In order to improve and solve these problems of wind power generation, wind power forecasting system arises at the historic moment. Based on the meteorological data of wind farm, the power of wind farm is predicted by physical simulation calculation and scientific statistical method, which improves the ability of coordinated operation between wind farm and power system, and realizes the efficient utilization of wind power and safe access to network. At present, wind farm meteorological data are collected independently by each wind tower and uploaded through GPRS. However, because of the remote and large area of wind farm, the GPRS signal can not be completely covered, which makes some wind tower data can not be uploaded in time. The accuracy of wind power prediction is greatly reduced. In order to solve the above problems, this paper designs a real-time monitoring system of wind tower meteorological elements based on wireless sensor network. Firstly, the paper introduces the function and structure of the wind tower meteorological element monitoring system, and makes a thorough analysis and research on the key technology and the design key points of the system, and then completes the overall design of the system. The system uses the ZigBee network to network the wind tower in the wind farm area. A sensor module is installed on each wind tower to collect data, and a routing node is placed between the wind towers to transmit the data to the gateway module. The gateway module is placed in the area where the GPRS signal is better. It is used to collect the data collected by the sensor module and forward the data to the central station using the GPRS network. The hardware and software of the system are designed in detail. The hardware design includes the design of sensor module and gateway module, the main structure of the two modules adopts the combination of STM32 and CC2530, and the CH376 module adds the functions of data storage and backup for the system. The communication distance of the system ZigBee module is greatly increased by using CC2591 module, and the extension ability of the system is improved by using the MAX3485 module, and the interface circuit between each module is designed in detail. The software design of the system mainly includes two parts. One is to add the custom function in the application layer of the Z-Stack protocol stack to realize the data receiving and sending of the ZigBee network; the other is to design and implement the data acquisition and data processing based on the STM32 hardware platform. Data storage and protocol conversion and other functions. The wind tower meteorological element acquisition system designed in this paper has the characteristics of good expansibility, large data storage capacity, strong adaptability and low cost. It provides comprehensive and real-time wind farm meteorological data for wind power forecasting and forecasting. The performance of the existing system is improved and the accuracy of wind power forecast is improved.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM614;TP212.9;TN929.5
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