芯片上多端口光路由器性能分析

发布时间：2018-09-10 17:24

【摘要】：飞速发展的纳米集成技术使得集成在单个芯片上的处理核的数量与日俱增,进而迫使芯片上的主干网络必须同时处理更多的信息。由于传统金属互连网络具有高功耗、高延迟、低带宽等劣势,因此,采用传统的金属布线方式实现芯片上处理核之间的互连已经成为阻碍集成密度高的芯片上多核通信系统快速发展的主要因素之一。此时,光互连技术应运而生并凭借其无与伦比的优势(低损耗、高带宽、低延迟等)迅速受到众多研究者的青睐。随着人们对光互连技术的研究不断深入,光互连方式已经被人们认为是能够取代芯片上多核通信系统中传统金属互连方式最热门的候选者,因此,芯片上光互连网络(optical network-on-chip,ONoC)也受到了人们的重视。随着现代通信网络中通信数据量的日益增加,为了进一步提高芯片上光互连网络的通信带宽,人们将波分复用技术(wavelength division multiplexing,WDM)引入到了芯片上光互连网络中。由于WDM技术可以有效地提高芯片上光互连网络的通信带宽,使其受到众多研究者的关注,所以基于WDM技术的芯片上光互连网络成为了研究者们探索的热点之一。然而WDM技术在提高芯片上光互连网络通信带宽的同时也带来了一些不良的现象,例如,四波混频效应(four-wave mixing,FWM)。芯片上光互连网络是芯片上多核通信系统的重要组成部分之一,其核心部件就是芯片上光路由器。所以,光路由器品质的优劣会对芯片上光互连网络乃至整个芯片上多核通信系统的性能造成很大影响。因此,为了深入了解片上网络的特点以进一步促进今后多核通信系统的发展,对片上光路由器进行深入的研究是片上光网络发展历程中不可或缺的一部分。本文主要对支持单波和WDM技术的N端口光路由器的基本特性进行探索,提出了支持单波和WDM技术的N端口光路由器的理论模型,并搭建仿真平台进行仿真。利用此理论模型能够研究信号的传输损耗、串扰噪声、光信噪比(optical signal-to-noise ratio,OSNR)、和误码率(bit error rate,BER)等。仿真平台能够研究信号在光路由器内部的传输特性。研究结果表明,随着光路由器端口数量的不断增加,信号在光路由器中传输时的平均信噪比逐渐降低。例如,信号在基于单波的五、六、七和八端口光路由器中传输时,信号的平均信噪比分别为2.27dB、1.24dB、0.37dB、-0.37dB。在同一信道中传输的不同波长的信号,其损耗存在着一定的差异,例如,在五端口光路由器的0-2信道中,波长为1542.1nm的信号的功耗为-2.72dB,而波长为1545.3nm的信号的功耗为-3.10dB。在不同信道中传输的同一信号,其功耗也有差异,比如,波长为1540.5nm的信号在五端口光路由器的不同输入输出端口之间传输时,其传输损耗的变化范围为-5.66dB~-0.99dB。另外,对于其它几个性能指标(串扰噪声、信噪比、误码率)也有着同样的现象发生。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of nanointegration technology, the number of processing cores integrated on a single chip is increasing, which forces the backbone network on the chip to process more information at the same time. Because of the disadvantages of traditional metal interconnection networks, such as high power consumption, high delay, low bandwidth and so on, Using traditional metal wiring to realize interconnect between processing cores on chip has become one of the main factors hindering the rapid development of multi-core communication systems with high integration density. At this time, optical interconnection technology emerges as the times require, and with its unparalleled advantages (low loss, high bandwidth, low delay, etc.), it is quickly favored by many researchers. With the development of optical interconnection technology, optical interconnection is considered to be the most popular candidate to replace the traditional metal interconnection in multi-core communication systems on chip. On-chip optical interconnection network (optical network-on-chip,ONoC) has also been paid attention to. With the increasing amount of communication data in modern communication network, in order to further improve the communication bandwidth of on-chip optical interconnection network, (wavelength division multiplexing,WDM (wavelength Division Multiplexing) technology is introduced into the on-chip optical interconnection network. Because WDM technology can effectively improve the communication bandwidth of on-chip optical interconnection network, it has attracted many researchers' attention, so the on-chip optical interconnection network based on WDM technology has become one of the hot spots of researchers. However, WDM technology not only improves the communication bandwidth of on-chip optical interconnection networks, but also brings some bad phenomena, such as four-wave mixing effect (four-wave mixing,FWM). The on-chip optical interconnection network is one of the important components of the multi-core communication system on chip, and its core component is the on-chip optical router. Therefore, the quality of optical routers will have a great impact on the performance of on-chip optical interconnection network and the whole multi-core communication system. Therefore, in order to understand the characteristics of on-chip network and further promote the development of multi-core communication system in the future, the research on on-chip router is an indispensable part of the development of on-chip optical network. In this paper, the basic characteristics of N-port optical router supporting single wave and WDM technology are explored. The theoretical model of N-port optical router supporting single wave and WDM technology is proposed, and the simulation platform is built. The theoretical model can be used to study the signal transmission loss, crosstalk noise, optical signal-to-noise ratio (optical signal-to-noise ratio,OSNR), and bit error rate (bit error rate,BER). The simulation platform can study the transmission characteristics of the signal inside the optical router. The results show that with the increase of the number of ports in optical routers, the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of signals transmitted in optical routers decreases gradually. For example, the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of signals transmitted in single-wave optical routers based on five, six, seven and eight ports is 2.27dBU 1.24dBU 0.37dBg-0.37dB. There are some differences in the loss of different wavelengths of signals transmitted in the same channel. For example, in the 0-2 channel of five-port optical router, the power consumption of the signal with wavelength 1542.1nm is -2.72 dB, and that of signal with wavelength of 1545.3nm is -3.10 dB. The power consumption of the same signal transmitted in different channels is also different. For example, when the signal with wavelength 1540.5nm is transmitted between different input and output ports of the five-port optical router, the range of transmission loss is -5.66 dBU -0.99 dB. In addition, several other performance indicators (crosstalk noise, signal-to-noise ratio, bit error rate) also have the same phenomenon.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN929.1

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