大规模多天线信道测量及信道衰落特性研究
发布时间：2018-10-04 22:07
【摘要】：随着科技社会的进步以及生活水平的提高,人们对于移动通信的需求已经不仅仅满足于话音、短讯等基本服务,而逐步转变为多媒体通信和万物互联。与传统的移动通信相比,面向2020年及未来的第5代(5G)移动通信系统需要满足更加多样化的互联网、物联网应用场景以及极致的性能挑战。面向移动互联网场景,5G可以提供更快的体验速率和更大的带宽接入能力;面向物联网场景,5G可以提供更高的连接密度和更低的端到端时延。大规模多天线技术(Massive MIMO)作为5G重要的候选技术,通过在基站端配置多达上百的天线,更充分地利用信道资源,抑制用户间干扰,极大地提升频谱效率和信道容量。同时,巨大的阵列增益有效提升每个用户的信噪比,在相同的时频资源下支持更多的用户通信,符合绿色通信的发展需求。无线信道作为无线通信的传播媒介,在无线通信领域的研究中占据着基础性的地位。无线信道的研究可以为无线通信新技术的应用,通信系统的设计、仿真与部署提供重要的参考依据。鉴于此,本文开展了基于大规模多天线系统的无线信道测量与信道衰落特性分析工作。论文首先介绍了无线信道的衰落特征和测量数据处理方法,然后详细介绍了开展真实场景无线信道测量所使用的测量系统,提出一种频域方法消除测量设备系统响应,以获得客观信道冲激响应,并利用实验室仿真与实测数据验证系统响应消除效果。在消除测量设备系统响应前提下,开展大规模多天线无线信道测量与信道特性分析工作。针对室内室外不同测量场景,不同测量频点,利用线形和圆形两种大规模多天线阵列结构,展开了大量的实地测量。基于实测数据,着重分析了信道角度域与时延域的衰落特性。在角度域,相比于传统MIMO系统,Massive MIMO系统128天线阵列的角度功率谱更为全面地体现了到达角分布情况;在时延域,Massive MIMO系统128天线阵列的均方根时延在高频点是平稳的,在低频点由于更小的路径损耗与更大的障碍物反射系数,导致均方根时延是非平稳的。此后,又进一步利用信道奇异值分解,探讨了大规模多天线系统用户信道正交性。随着天线数目的增多,实际信道奇异值扩展累积分布函数曲线更加接近理想独立同分布信道,且实际信道差的传播条件可以被很大程度地避免,用户信道正交性得到增强。上述研究为大规模多天线技术的研究与商用提供了一定参考。
[Abstract]:With the development of science and technology society and the improvement of living standard, people's demand for mobile communication is not only satisfied with basic services such as voice, short message, but also transformed into multimedia communication and interconnection of everything. Compared with the traditional mobile communication, the 5th generation (5G) mobile communication systems facing 2020 and the future need to meet more diversified Internet, Internet of things application scenarios and extreme performance challenges. Mobile Internet scenario 5G can provide faster experience rate and greater bandwidth access, while IoT scenario 5G can provide higher connection density and lower end-to-end delay. As an important candidate technology of 5G, large scale multi-antenna technology (Massive MIMO) can make full use of channel resources, suppress inter-user interference and greatly improve spectrum efficiency and channel capacity by configuring up to hundreds of antennas at the base station. At the same time, the large array gain can effectively improve the SNR of each user, and support more user communications under the same time-frequency resources, which meets the development needs of green communications. As the media of wireless communication, wireless channel plays a fundamental role in the field of wireless communication. The research of wireless channel can provide important reference for the application of new wireless communication technology, the design, simulation and deployment of communication system. In view of this, wireless channel measurement and channel fading characteristic analysis based on large scale multi-antenna system are carried out in this paper. In this paper, the fading characteristics of wireless channel and the measurement data processing method are introduced, then the measurement system used in real scene wireless channel measurement is introduced in detail, and a frequency domain method is proposed to eliminate the system response of measurement equipment. In order to obtain the objective channel impulse response, the system response elimination effect is verified by laboratory simulation and measured data. On the premise of eliminating the response of measurement equipment, the work of large scale multi-antenna wireless channel measurement and channel characteristic analysis is carried out. Aiming at different indoor and outdoor measurement scenes and different measuring frequency, a large number of field measurements were carried out using linear and circular large scale multi-antenna array structures. Based on the measured data, the fading characteristics of channel angle domain and time delay domain are analyzed. In angle domain, the angular power spectrum of 128 antenna array of passive MIMO system is more comprehensive than that of conventional MIMO system, and the root mean square delay of 128 antenna array is stable at high frequency in time delay domain. At the low frequency point, the RMS delay is nonstationary due to the smaller path loss and the larger obstacle reflection coefficient. Furthermore, the channel orthogonality of large scale multi-antenna systems is discussed by using channel singular value decomposition (SVD). With the increase of the number of antennas, the spread cumulant distribution function curve of the real channel singular value is closer to the ideal independent co-distributed channel, and the propagation condition of the actual channel difference can be largely avoided, and the orthogonality of the user channel is enhanced. The above research provides a certain reference for the research and commercial of large-scale multi-antenna technology.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN92
本文编号：2252056
[Abstract]:With the development of science and technology society and the improvement of living standard, people's demand for mobile communication is not only satisfied with basic services such as voice, short message, but also transformed into multimedia communication and interconnection of everything. Compared with the traditional mobile communication, the 5th generation (5G) mobile communication systems facing 2020 and the future need to meet more diversified Internet, Internet of things application scenarios and extreme performance challenges. Mobile Internet scenario 5G can provide faster experience rate and greater bandwidth access, while IoT scenario 5G can provide higher connection density and lower end-to-end delay. As an important candidate technology of 5G, large scale multi-antenna technology (Massive MIMO) can make full use of channel resources, suppress inter-user interference and greatly improve spectrum efficiency and channel capacity by configuring up to hundreds of antennas at the base station. At the same time, the large array gain can effectively improve the SNR of each user, and support more user communications under the same time-frequency resources, which meets the development needs of green communications. As the media of wireless communication, wireless channel plays a fundamental role in the field of wireless communication. The research of wireless channel can provide important reference for the application of new wireless communication technology, the design, simulation and deployment of communication system. In view of this, wireless channel measurement and channel fading characteristic analysis based on large scale multi-antenna system are carried out in this paper. In this paper, the fading characteristics of wireless channel and the measurement data processing method are introduced, then the measurement system used in real scene wireless channel measurement is introduced in detail, and a frequency domain method is proposed to eliminate the system response of measurement equipment. In order to obtain the objective channel impulse response, the system response elimination effect is verified by laboratory simulation and measured data. On the premise of eliminating the response of measurement equipment, the work of large scale multi-antenna wireless channel measurement and channel characteristic analysis is carried out. Aiming at different indoor and outdoor measurement scenes and different measuring frequency, a large number of field measurements were carried out using linear and circular large scale multi-antenna array structures. Based on the measured data, the fading characteristics of channel angle domain and time delay domain are analyzed. In angle domain, the angular power spectrum of 128 antenna array of passive MIMO system is more comprehensive than that of conventional MIMO system, and the root mean square delay of 128 antenna array is stable at high frequency in time delay domain. At the low frequency point, the RMS delay is nonstationary due to the smaller path loss and the larger obstacle reflection coefficient. Furthermore, the channel orthogonality of large scale multi-antenna systems is discussed by using channel singular value decomposition (SVD). With the increase of the number of antennas, the spread cumulant distribution function curve of the real channel singular value is closer to the ideal independent co-distributed channel, and the propagation condition of the actual channel difference can be largely avoided, and the orthogonality of the user channel is enhanced. The above research provides a certain reference for the research and commercial of large-scale multi-antenna technology.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN92
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