W波段基片集成波导低副瓣阵列天线研究
发布时间：2018-10-12 20:43
【摘要】：毫米波频段(30~300GHz)相比低频段具有宽频带、结构尺寸小、通信安全性好、目标识别分辨率高等诸多优点成为近年来研究的热点。在W波段(75~110GHz)特别是94 GHz频率附近大气衰减最小,适合点对点通信,是地基雷达和空空导弹等所选择的热门工作频段。但随着频率的提高,介电损耗和欧姆损耗也越高,传统的平面传输线如微带线已不太适合工作于W波段,金属波导结构虽然损耗小但其体积庞大而不能平面集成。基片集成波导(Substrate Integrated Waveguide,SIW)具有二者的优点被广泛的应用于毫米波平面电路。在某些特殊的应用场合,要求天线接收的信号有较高的信噪比以减小外来干扰,为了减小天线接收信号的噪声,降低天线方向图的副瓣电平是最有效的方法之一。然而,由于W波段的波长短,对天线设计和加工的精度要求较高,导致低副瓣天线阵列的设计和实现很困难,原有的很多在低频段中低副瓣阵列天线的设计方法已不适合W波段的低副瓣阵列设计,目前很少有W波段低副瓣阵列天线的研究工作。针对W波段低副瓣阵列天线设计困难的特点,本文基于SIW传输线对W波段低副瓣阵列天线进行深入的研究,主要包括以下几个方面:首先,研究了工作于W波段的单个SIW缝隙天线的特性,提取了孤立缝隙在不同偏移量和长度条件下的导纳参数,在此基础上研究了SIW缝隙阵列天线H面低副瓣设计方法,优化仿真了H面低副瓣阵列大小为1×32的天线。同时为了实现天线阵列在E面的低副瓣特性,研究了梳状和树状相位平衡的不等功分器。由于梳状功分器和传统的树状功分器设计方法在W波段已经不适用,为了解决这个问题,提出了一种新型的相位平衡不等功分器,该不等功分器的应用不受频率的限制。为了减小尺寸,提出并设计了一种波导-基片集成波导混合集成E面功分器。最后,优化仿真并加工了一种工作于93~95GHz,阵列大小为16×32,E面和H面副瓣为-20dB的SIW缝隙阵列天线,仿真和测试结果吻合良好。然后,针对在圆极化阵列天线中低副瓣设计困难的现状,结合平板缝隙天线易实现多极化共口径的特点,通过对两个正交的线极化平板缝隙阵列天线低副瓣设计,实现了圆极化天线两个正交面上方向图低副瓣特性,并给出了相应的设计原则。基于此设计了一种工作于93.5~94.5GHz的共口径双圆极化低副瓣SIW平板缝隙阵列天线,仿真和测试结果验证了该方法的可行性。
[Abstract]:Compared with low frequency band, millimeter wave band (30~300GHz) has many advantages, such as wide frequency band, small structure size, good communication security, high target recognition resolution and so on. The atmospheric attenuation in W band (75~110GHz), especially in the vicinity of 94 GHz frequency, is minimum and suitable for point-to-point communication. It is a hot working frequency band chosen by ground-based radar and air-to-air missile. However, with the increase of frequency, the dielectric loss and ohmic loss are higher. Traditional planar transmission lines such as microstrip lines are not suitable for W band. Substrate integrated waveguide (Substrate Integrated Waveguide,SIW) has been widely used in millimeter wave plane circuits. In some special applications, it is required that the received signal has a high SNR to reduce the external interference. In order to reduce the noise of the received signal, reducing the sidelobe level of the antenna pattern is one of the most effective methods. However, the design and implementation of low sidelobe antenna array is very difficult because of the short wavelength of W band and the high precision of antenna design and processing. Many of the original design methods of low and low sidelobe array antenna in low frequency band are not suitable for W band low sidelobe array design. At present, there are few researches on W band low sidelobe array antenna. In view of the difficult design of W-band low-sidelobe array antenna, this paper studies the W-band low-sidelobe array antenna based on SIW transmission line, including the following aspects: first, The characteristics of a single SIW slot antenna working in the W band are studied, and the admittance parameters of the isolated slot under different offset and length conditions are extracted. Based on this, the low sidelobe design method for H plane of SIW slot array antenna is studied. The antenna with a low sidelobe array size of 1 脳 32 on H plane is optimized and simulated. At the same time, in order to realize the low sidelobe characteristics of antenna array on E plane, the unequal power divider with comb-like and tree-like phase balance is studied. Because the comb-like power divider and the traditional tree power divider design method is no longer applicable in the W band, in order to solve this problem, a new phase balance unequal power divider is proposed, the application of the unequal power divider is not limited by the frequency. In order to reduce the size, a waveguide-substrate integrated waveguide hybrid integrated E-plane power divider is proposed and designed. Finally, an optimized SIW slot array antenna working at 93H 95GHz with 16 脳 32e and H sidelobe as 20dB is optimized and fabricated. The simulation and test results are in good agreement with each other. Then, in view of the difficult design of low sidelobe in circular polarization array antenna, combined with the characteristic that flat plate slot antenna is easy to realize multi-polarization common aperture, the low sidelobe design of two orthogonal linear polarization planar slot array antenna is carried out. The low sidelobe characteristics of the pattern on two orthogonal surfaces of a circular polarized antenna are realized, and the corresponding design principles are given. Based on this, a common aperture dual-circularly polarized low-sidelobe SIW flat slot array antenna working in 93.5~94.5GHz is designed. The simulation and test results verify the feasibility of this method.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN820.15
本文编号：2267535
[Abstract]:Compared with low frequency band, millimeter wave band (30~300GHz) has many advantages, such as wide frequency band, small structure size, good communication security, high target recognition resolution and so on. The atmospheric attenuation in W band (75~110GHz), especially in the vicinity of 94 GHz frequency, is minimum and suitable for point-to-point communication. It is a hot working frequency band chosen by ground-based radar and air-to-air missile. However, with the increase of frequency, the dielectric loss and ohmic loss are higher. Traditional planar transmission lines such as microstrip lines are not suitable for W band. Substrate integrated waveguide (Substrate Integrated Waveguide,SIW) has been widely used in millimeter wave plane circuits. In some special applications, it is required that the received signal has a high SNR to reduce the external interference. In order to reduce the noise of the received signal, reducing the sidelobe level of the antenna pattern is one of the most effective methods. However, the design and implementation of low sidelobe antenna array is very difficult because of the short wavelength of W band and the high precision of antenna design and processing. Many of the original design methods of low and low sidelobe array antenna in low frequency band are not suitable for W band low sidelobe array design. At present, there are few researches on W band low sidelobe array antenna. In view of the difficult design of W-band low-sidelobe array antenna, this paper studies the W-band low-sidelobe array antenna based on SIW transmission line, including the following aspects: first, The characteristics of a single SIW slot antenna working in the W band are studied, and the admittance parameters of the isolated slot under different offset and length conditions are extracted. Based on this, the low sidelobe design method for H plane of SIW slot array antenna is studied. The antenna with a low sidelobe array size of 1 脳 32 on H plane is optimized and simulated. At the same time, in order to realize the low sidelobe characteristics of antenna array on E plane, the unequal power divider with comb-like and tree-like phase balance is studied. Because the comb-like power divider and the traditional tree power divider design method is no longer applicable in the W band, in order to solve this problem, a new phase balance unequal power divider is proposed, the application of the unequal power divider is not limited by the frequency. In order to reduce the size, a waveguide-substrate integrated waveguide hybrid integrated E-plane power divider is proposed and designed. Finally, an optimized SIW slot array antenna working at 93H 95GHz with 16 脳 32e and H sidelobe as 20dB is optimized and fabricated. The simulation and test results are in good agreement with each other. Then, in view of the difficult design of low sidelobe in circular polarization array antenna, combined with the characteristic that flat plate slot antenna is easy to realize multi-polarization common aperture, the low sidelobe design of two orthogonal linear polarization planar slot array antenna is carried out. The low sidelobe characteristics of the pattern on two orthogonal surfaces of a circular polarized antenna are realized, and the corresponding design principles are given. Based on this, a common aperture dual-circularly polarized low-sidelobe SIW flat slot array antenna working in 93.5~94.5GHz is designed. The simulation and test results verify the feasibility of this method.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN820.15
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1 刘小亮;平板波导连续横向枝节天线及其平面化的研究[D];电子科技大学;2016年
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