基于粒子群优化的无线传感器网络分簇路由协议的研究

发布时间：2018-10-20 17:26

【摘要】：无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Networks,WSN)是综合多门学科技术的新兴技术之一,具有数据采集、处理和传输的功能。传感器节点自组织形成网络感知环境参数信息,实现对客观物理世界的认识。目前,WSN的应用已经渗透到各行各业,具有广阔的应用前景和巨大的商业价值。然而,传感器节点携带的电量有限,并且节点物理结构的特殊性使其存储、计算和通信等方面的能力受到限制,因此设计出高性能的WSN路由协议尤为重要。研究表明,层次路由协议与平面路由协议相比,在网络拓扑结构、能量利用效率等方面更具有优势。采用分簇策略和多跳路由机制的WSN路由协议可以有效均衡WSN的能量消耗,延长网络的生命周期,随着研究的进展,大规模WSN的路由协议也逐渐趋于层次化。粒子群优化算法(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)具有实现简单、自组织性好等优点,适合应用在组合优化和网络路由等问题上,而且PSO算法可以满足WSN对高性能路由的要求。通过引入PSO算法原理,可以动态优化WSN分簇和路由选择等问题,提高网络的稳定性,延长网络的生命周期。本文的主要工作和创新点为:(1)通过分析WSN在多跳通信时的拓扑结构和能耗模型,在对网络进行分簇的基础上,提出一种非均匀的节点部署策略,该策略量化了簇内节点的数量关系,并设计了相应的路由协议。(2)针对WSN的特殊应用环境,提出一种两层WSN中继节点的部署方法,该方法基于中继节点在网络工作过程中大致同时改变的原理,将中继节点的更替看作中继节点的虚拟移动,以找到部署中继节点的最佳位置和数量。(3)提出新的WSN分簇路由算法,在充分考虑传感器节点的剩余能量、簇间距离和节点间距等因素的基础上,重新设计适应值函数,应用PSO优化簇首选择,以均衡网络能耗,延长网络的生命周期。
[Abstract]:Wireless Sensor Network (Wireless Sensor Networks,WSN) is one of the new technologies which integrate multi-subject technology. It has the functions of data acquisition, processing and transmission. Sensor nodes self-organize to form the network-aware environmental parameter information to realize the understanding of the objective physical world. At present, the application of WSN has penetrated into various industries, with broad application prospects and huge commercial value. However, the sensor nodes carry a limited amount of electricity, and the particularity of the physical structure of the nodes limits their storage, computing and communication capabilities, so it is particularly important to design a high-performance WSN routing protocol. The research shows that the hierarchical routing protocol has more advantages than the planar routing protocol in the network topology, energy utilization efficiency and so on. The WSN routing protocol based on clustering strategy and multi-hop routing mechanism can effectively balance the energy consumption of WSN and prolong the lifetime of the network. With the development of research, the routing protocols of large-scale WSN become more and more hierarchical. Particle swarm optimization (Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO) has the advantages of simple implementation and good self-organization. It is suitable for application in combinatorial optimization and network routing, and PSO algorithm can meet the requirements of WSN for high performance routing. By introducing the principle of PSO algorithm, we can dynamically optimize the WSN clustering and routing problems, improve the stability of the network and prolong the network life cycle. The main work and innovations of this paper are as follows: (1) by analyzing the topology structure and energy consumption model of WSN in multi-hop communication, a non-uniform node deployment strategy is proposed on the basis of clustering network. The strategy quantifies the number of nodes in the cluster and designs the corresponding routing protocol. (2) for the special application environment of WSN, a two-layer WSN relay node deployment method is proposed. Based on the principle that the relay nodes change at the same time during the network operation, the replacement of the relay nodes is regarded as the virtual movement of the relay nodes to find the best location and number of the relay nodes deployed. (3) A new WSN clustering routing algorithm is proposed. On the basis of fully considering the residual energy of sensor nodes, the distance between clusters and the distance between nodes, the fitness function is redesigned, and the cluster head selection is optimized by using PSO to balance the network energy consumption and prolong the network life cycle.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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