基于ZigBee无线传感网络的可吸入颗粒物监测系统研究

发布时间：2018-10-30 20:52

【摘要】：空气中的可吸入颗粒物浓度,尤其是PM2.5,一直是评价空气质量好坏的重要指标。这些颗粒物长期悬浮在空气中,很难消散,并且这些颗粒物本身吸附着大量的重金属、细菌等有毒物质,不仅降低了大气能见度,而且对人类的身体健康造成很大危害。传统的监测方法如称重法、筛分法等,自动化程度和检测精度都比较低,已经不能满足现代社会对可吸入颗粒物监测的要求,因此,为了提升系统的自动化程度和检测精度,本文采用根据光的散射原理制成的传感器GP2Y1010AU0F完成对监测数据的采集,采用ZigBee无线传感网络技术完成监测数据的传输,并设计了上位机监测平台,完成监测数据的实时显示。本文的主要研究内容如下:一、无线传感网络通信技术研究详细分析无线通信技术当中ZigBee技术,包括ZigBee的设备类型、拓扑结构、工作模式、地址分配模式、数据传输方式以及ZigBee协议架构。在深入研究ZigBee无线传感网络的基础上,结合GPRS技术,确立了可吸入颗粒监测系统的整体方案。二、完成可吸入颗粒物监测系统的硬件系统设计采用CC2530作为主控芯片,完成节点的硬件系统结构设计。终端节点的硬件电路包括处理器模块、传感器模块、JTAG接口电路和电源模块;ZigBee-GPRS网关节点的硬件电路包括处理器模块、JTAG接口电路、GPRS无线通信模块、SIM卡电路、GPRS电源模块。三、完成可吸入颗粒物监测系统的软件系统设计在Z-STACK协议栈的基础上完成了下位机节点的软件设计,实现数据的采集与传输;提出一种改进的节能路由算法—DE-LEACH算法,加入了距离和剩余能量因素,通过仿真实验证明该算法可以有效延长网络的运行寿命;采用LABVIEW软件完成系统监测平台的设计,实现数据的图形化显示。四、系统整体测试与分析对可吸入颗粒物监测系统的功能进行测试,包括节点的通信能力测试、ZigBee-GPRS网关节点性能测试和上位机软件测试。实验结果显示,节点通信能力强,节点之间组网快速、可靠,传输数据具有实时性;上位机软件运行稳定,能够实时显示监测信息。本系统不仅具有较高的自动化程度,还具有较长的使用寿命,更加方便用户使用。
[Abstract]:The concentration of respirable particulates in air, especially PM2.5, has been an important index to evaluate air quality. These particles are suspended in the air for a long time, it is difficult to dissipate, and the particles themselves absorb a large number of heavy metals, bacteria and other toxic substances, not only reduce the visibility of the atmosphere, but also cause great harm to human health. Traditional monitoring methods, such as weighing method, screening method and so on, have low degree of automation and detection precision, which can no longer meet the requirements of modern society for the monitoring of respirable particulates. Therefore, in order to improve the degree of automation and detection accuracy of the system, Based on the principle of light scattering, the sensor GP2Y1010AU0F is used to collect the monitoring data, the ZigBee wireless sensor network technology is used to transmit the monitoring data, and a monitoring platform is designed to display the monitoring data in real time. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The research of wireless sensor network communication technology including ZigBee technology, including the type of ZigBee device, topology, working mode, address allocation mode, wireless sensor network communication technology research and detailed analysis of wireless communication technology, including the type of equipment, topology, working mode, address allocation mode, Data transfer mode and ZigBee protocol architecture. Based on the research of ZigBee wireless sensor network and GPRS technology, the whole scheme of inhalable particle monitoring system is established. Secondly, the hardware system design of the PM monitoring system is completed. CC2530 is used as the main control chip, and the hardware system structure of the node is designed. The hardware circuit of terminal node includes processor module, sensor module, JTAG interface circuit and power supply module. The hardware circuit of ZigBee-GPRS gateway node includes processor module, JTAG interface circuit, GPRS wireless communication module, SIM card circuit and GPRS power module. Third, the design of the software system of the respirable particulates monitoring system is completed. Based on the Z-STACK protocol stack, the software design of the lower computer node is completed, and the data collection and transmission are realized. In this paper, an improved energy-saving routing algorithm, DE-LEACH algorithm, is proposed. The distance and residual energy factors are added to the algorithm. The simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively prolong the network life. LABVIEW software is used to complete the design of the system monitoring platform and realize the graphical display of the data. Fourth, the whole system tests and analyses the function of the PMMS, including the communication ability test of the node, the performance test of the ZigBee-GPRS gateway node and the software test of the host computer. The experimental results show that the nodes have strong communication ability, fast and reliable networking between nodes, real-time transmission of data, and the host computer software runs stably and can display monitoring information in real time. The system not only has a higher degree of automation, but also has a longer service life, more user-friendly.
【学位授予单位】：天津理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN92;TP274

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