基于高轨航天器的GNSS接收机技术

发布时间：2018-10-31 16:02

【摘要】：全球导航卫星系统(Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS)应用于高轨航天器时,因轨道高于导航卫星,可见星数量急剧减少,空间信号功率微弱,信号的快速捕获和跟踪十分困难。文章对高轨地球同步轨道(Geosynchronous Earth Orbit,GEO)接收技术进行了研究。以中国实践十七号卫星为研究对象,采用官方正式发布的发射天线方向图对GEO下GNSS信号特征及可用性开展研究分析,并针对高轨道航天器GNSS信号微弱的特点,采用长时间积分处理的梳状滤波方法、差分相干累加比特同步算法和基于动力学模型补偿的扩展卡尔曼滤波自主定轨算法设计GNSS接收机,并在半物理仿真平台进行了测试验证。试验结果表明:GNSS接收机捕获灵敏度优于-173dBW,跟踪灵敏度优于-175dBW,定轨位置精度优于50m,速度精度优于0.01m/s。
[Abstract]:When (Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite system) is applied to high orbit spacecraft, the number of visible satellites decreases sharply and the power of space signal is weak because the orbit is higher than that of navigation satellite, so it is very difficult to quickly capture and track signals. In this paper, the receiving technology of (Geosynchronous Earth Orbit,GEO (high-orbit geosynchronous orbit) is studied. Taking the Chinese practical 17 satellite as the research object, the characteristics and availability of the GNSS signal under GEO are studied and analyzed by using the officially released launch antenna pattern, and aiming at the weak GNSS signal of the high orbiting spacecraft, The GNSS receiver is designed by using comb filter with long time integral processing, differential coherent cumulant bit synchronization algorithm and extended Kalman filter autonomous orbit determination algorithm based on dynamic model compensation, and tested on the semi-physical simulation platform. The experimental results show that the acquisition sensitivity of GNSS receiver is better than -173dBW, the tracking sensitivity is better than -175dBW, the accuracy of orbit determination is better than 50m, and the velocity accuracy is better than 0.01m / s.
【作者单位】：北京卫星信息工程研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金“月球及深空航天器GNSS微弱信号处理技术研究”(616011036)
【分类号】：TN965.5

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