无线传感网络的室内定位系统设计
发布时间：2018-11-01 12:44
【摘要】：在互联网、物联网、车联网三网迅速发展的背景下,一系列与人或物的位置相关的信息日益受到关注和重视。室外的定位导航已经拥有非常成熟的卫星通信技术,而在复杂的室内环境中,由于无法使用卫星信号,从而使得大量公司、研究机构寻找新的解决方案。室内的环境是多样的、丰富的,例如商场、机场、医院、办公大厦、停车场、仓库等等。在这些室内环境中,人员定位、货物管理、消息推送等基于位置的服务得到开发和应用。当下绝大部分室内定位技术都使用了无线传感网络,这也使得室内定位导航技术呈现百家争鸣的现象。主要有RFID、超声波、WiFi、蓝牙、ZigBee、超宽带(UWB)、线性调频扩频(CSS)等等无线传感技术,这些技术的方案主要分为基于接收信号强度(RSSI)定位和基于时间(TOA、TDOA)定位两大类。基于接收信号强度定位一般具有功耗低、成本低、组网灵活多变,能够传输信息等优点,但是极易受到复杂的室内环境影响,主要是遮挡、反射、折射引起定位精度的降低。基于时间定位具有定位精度高、功耗低、抗干扰的优势,但是该方案存在组网不够灵活,传输信息量少等问题。在对多种定位技术的对比分析后,本文分别采用ZigBee和CSS方案对室内定位进行了深入研究。本文针对ZigBee定位中的RSSI的波动性引起距离计算偏差较大问题,通过实验研究了链路质量(LQI)与RSSI的关系,提出了LQI-RSSI测距算法。并结合三角函数对标准的粒子群算法进行改善,通过测距实验和定位实验表明了ZigBee技术在小范围的区域具有较好的定位效果。本文在CSS定位研究中详细分析了CSS信号体制及其优点,选择双边双向的测距算法、粒子滤波算法和最小二乘定位算法求解移动节点位置,有效地解决了时间同步的难题。并开展了测距实验和定位实验,表明CSS技术能够在大范围区域中实现较好的定位。最后本文使用ZigBee、CSS结合气压传感器设计了基于CSS的室内定位微基站的解决方案。并进行小规模的实验,实现了物的相对定位。
[Abstract]:Under the background of the rapid development of Internet of things and three networks of cars a series of information related to the location of people or objects has been paid more and more attention to. Outdoor positioning and navigation technology has been very mature satellite communication technology, and in the complex indoor environment, because of the inability to use satellite signals, so a large number of companies, research institutions to find new solutions. The indoor environment is diverse and rich, such as shopping malls, airports, hospitals, office buildings, parking lots, warehouses and so on. In these indoor environments, location-based services such as location, cargo management and message push are developed and applied. At present, wireless sensor networks are used in most indoor positioning technologies, which makes indoor positioning and navigation technology appear the phenomenon of a hundred schools of thought. There are mainly RFID, ultrasonic, WiFi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, ultra-wideband (UWB), linear frequency modulation spread spectrum (CSS) and other wireless sensing technologies, which are mainly based on the received signal strength (RSSI) location and TOA, (TOA,). TDOA) locate two categories. Based on the received signal intensity localization generally has the advantages of low power consumption, low cost, flexible network, can transmit information, but easily affected by the complex indoor environment, mainly occlusion, reflection, refraction resulting in the reduction of positioning accuracy. Time-based positioning has the advantages of high positioning accuracy, low power consumption and anti-interference. However, the scheme is not flexible enough to network and has less information. After the comparative analysis of various positioning techniques, this paper studies indoor positioning with ZigBee and CSS respectively. In this paper, the relation between link quality (LQI) and RSSI is studied experimentally, and the LQI-RSSI ranging algorithm is proposed to solve the problem that the fluctuation of RSSI in ZigBee location causes the deviation of distance calculation. The standard particle swarm optimization algorithm is improved with trigonometric function. The results of ranging and localization experiments show that ZigBee technology has better localization effect in small range regions. In this paper, the CSS signal system and its advantages are analyzed in detail in the research of CSS location. The two-sided bidirectional ranging algorithm, particle filter algorithm and least square localization algorithm are selected to solve the location of mobile node, which effectively solves the problem of time synchronization. The experiments of ranging and localization are carried out, which show that CSS technology can achieve better localization in a wide range of areas. Finally, the solution of indoor positioning microbase station based on CSS is designed by using ZigBee,CSS and air pressure sensor. Small scale experiments were carried out to realize the relative orientation of objects.
【学位授予单位】：杭州电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN92
本文编号：2303964
[Abstract]:Under the background of the rapid development of Internet of things and three networks of cars a series of information related to the location of people or objects has been paid more and more attention to. Outdoor positioning and navigation technology has been very mature satellite communication technology, and in the complex indoor environment, because of the inability to use satellite signals, so a large number of companies, research institutions to find new solutions. The indoor environment is diverse and rich, such as shopping malls, airports, hospitals, office buildings, parking lots, warehouses and so on. In these indoor environments, location-based services such as location, cargo management and message push are developed and applied. At present, wireless sensor networks are used in most indoor positioning technologies, which makes indoor positioning and navigation technology appear the phenomenon of a hundred schools of thought. There are mainly RFID, ultrasonic, WiFi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, ultra-wideband (UWB), linear frequency modulation spread spectrum (CSS) and other wireless sensing technologies, which are mainly based on the received signal strength (RSSI) location and TOA, (TOA,). TDOA) locate two categories. Based on the received signal intensity localization generally has the advantages of low power consumption, low cost, flexible network, can transmit information, but easily affected by the complex indoor environment, mainly occlusion, reflection, refraction resulting in the reduction of positioning accuracy. Time-based positioning has the advantages of high positioning accuracy, low power consumption and anti-interference. However, the scheme is not flexible enough to network and has less information. After the comparative analysis of various positioning techniques, this paper studies indoor positioning with ZigBee and CSS respectively. In this paper, the relation between link quality (LQI) and RSSI is studied experimentally, and the LQI-RSSI ranging algorithm is proposed to solve the problem that the fluctuation of RSSI in ZigBee location causes the deviation of distance calculation. The standard particle swarm optimization algorithm is improved with trigonometric function. The results of ranging and localization experiments show that ZigBee technology has better localization effect in small range regions. In this paper, the CSS signal system and its advantages are analyzed in detail in the research of CSS location. The two-sided bidirectional ranging algorithm, particle filter algorithm and least square localization algorithm are selected to solve the location of mobile node, which effectively solves the problem of time synchronization. The experiments of ranging and localization are carried out, which show that CSS technology can achieve better localization in a wide range of areas. Finally, the solution of indoor positioning microbase station based on CSS is designed by using ZigBee,CSS and air pressure sensor. Small scale experiments were carried out to realize the relative orientation of objects.
【学位授予单位】：杭州电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN92
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