宽波束天线和多极化天线技术研究

发布时间：2018-11-09 16:10

【摘要】：随着信息科学技术的飞速发展,无线电系统正得到越来越广泛地应用。这对无线系统的最前端-天线提出了更高的要求,如期望天线具有宽波束特性扩展信号的覆盖范围,宽频带或者多频带特性增大信息容量,多极化或者圆极化特性以增强抗多径干扰的能力。本文针对相控阵天线大角度扫描以及通信系统缓解多径衰落的需要,对宽波束天线及其阵列,多极化天线的应用开展了一系列的研究,给出了相应的解决方案。本论文的主要内容和工作概括如下:1.对宽波束天线及其阵列,多极化天线带宽扩展技术的研究现状和发展趋势进行了分析与回顾。尽管在这个领域的研究已经取得了很大的进展,但仍然存在大量的技术难题需要解决。2.提出了一种基于双模谐振的平面宽波束天线。这款天线通过电偶极子把能量馈入两个谐振腔而产生两个谐振点,每个谐振腔仅有一边开路而在孔径上产生等效磁流,因此天线在E面具有近似全向的辐射特性。测试结果表明,E面的半功率波束宽度与传统微带天线相比有很大地扩展,产生的两个工作模式也增加了带宽。采用这款宽波束单元组成了间距为半波长的8单元相控阵,并研究其宽角扫描特性。天线阵列保持了单元良好的阻抗匹配和宽波束特性,单元之间耦合较小。结果表明,主波束可以从-60度扫描到+60度而保持增益的变化在3dB以内,扫描的3dB波束宽度覆盖-76度到+78度。最后运用混合的入侵杂草和粒子群算法对口径电流分布进行了优化,副瓣电平得到明显地降低。3.基于基片集成波导腔体的结构提出了一种工作在5.7GHz的平面微带天线。这款天线基于磁偶极子的工作模式展宽波束,测试结果表明E面的半功率波束宽度为145度,H面的半功率波束宽度为110度,具有应用在大角度扫描阵列的潜力;提出了一款利用倒F天线旋转组阵构成的轴比宽波束圆极化天线,并对其阵列的扫描特性进行了研究。4.提出了一种结构新颖的喇叭圆极化天线。这款天线利用金属片切割圆波导的TE11主模产生幅度相等,相位差为90度的正交电场来实现圆极化,然后通过旋转组阵的方法提高阵列天线的圆极化性能,同时还研究了等幅和幅度加权两种情况下阵列的宽角扫描特性。5.对双极化和圆极化天线的带宽拓展进行了一系列有益地探索。双极化介质谐振器天线利用一个谐振器中的TE111模和TE113模实现双频带,并采用了平衡馈电的结构抵消掉交叉极化分量,将极化隔离度提高到-60dB;利用蝶形天线的宽带特性设计了一款工作在1.5-2.18GHz的圆极化天线,方向图保持了良好的对称性;根据分形结构加载在圆环槽产生多个电流路径的机理,设计出一款结构紧凑的双频带圆极化微带天线,详细分析了分形图案和馈电结构的不同对天线性能的影响。6.总结与展望。对本文所做的工作进行了回顾和总结,并指出本文的不足和下一步需要做的工作。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of information science and technology, radio system is more and more widely used. This puts forward higher requirements for the front-end antenna of the wireless system, such as the expectation that the antenna has wide beam characteristics to extend the coverage of the signal, and the broadband or multi-band characteristics increase the information capacity. Multipolarization or circular polarization to enhance the ability to resist multipath interference. Aiming at the need of large angle scanning of phased array antenna and mitigation of multipath fading in communication system, a series of research on the application of wide-beam antenna and its array and multi-polarization antenna are carried out in this paper, and the corresponding solutions are given. The main contents and work of this thesis are summarized as follows: 1. The research status and development trend of wide beam antenna and its array and multipolarization antenna bandwidth expansion technology are analyzed and reviewed. Although great progress has been made in this field, there are still a lot of technical problems to be solved. A planar wide beam antenna based on dual mode resonance is proposed. This antenna generates two resonance points by feeding energy into two resonators by electric dipoles. Each resonator has only one side open circuit and an equivalent magnetic current on the aperture, so the antenna has an approximate omnidirectional radiation characteristic in the E mask. The test results show that the half-power beam width of E plane is much wider than that of the traditional microstrip antenna, and the bandwidth is increased by the two operating modes. The wide beam element is used to form 8 element phased array with half wavelength spacing and its wide angle scanning characteristic is studied. The antenna array maintains good impedance matching and wide beam characteristics, and the coupling between the elements is small. The results show that the main beam can be scanned from -60 degrees to 60 degrees with the change of gain within 3dB, and the width of scanned 3dB beam covers -76 degrees to 78 degrees. Finally, a hybrid invasive weed and particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the aperture current distribution, and the sidelobe level is obviously reduced by 3. 3%. Based on the structure of the substrate integrated waveguide cavity, a planar microstrip antenna working in 5.7GHz is proposed. The test results show that the half-power beam width of E plane is 145 degrees and the half-power beam width of H plane is 110 degrees, so it has the potential to be used in large-angle scanning array. An axial ratio wide-beam circularly polarized antenna composed of inverted F antenna rotating array is proposed, and the scanning characteristics of its array are studied. A novel circular polarized horn antenna is proposed. This antenna uses an orthogonal electric field of 90 degrees phase difference to achieve circular polarization by cutting the TE11 main mode of circular waveguide. Then the circular polarization performance of array antenna is improved by rotating array. At the same time, the wide-angle scanning characteristics of the array with equal amplitude and amplitude weighting are studied. A series of useful explorations are made to expand the bandwidth of dual polarization and circular polarization antennas. The dual-polarization dielectric resonator antenna uses the TE111 mode and TE113 mode in one resonator to realize the dual-frequency band. The balanced feed structure is used to cancel the cross-polarization component, and the polarization isolation is increased to -60 dB. Based on the wideband characteristics of the butterfly antenna, a circular polarization antenna working in 1.5-2.18GHz is designed, and the pattern keeps a good symmetry. According to the mechanism that the fractal structure is loaded into the ring groove to generate multiple current paths, a compact dual-band circularly polarized microstrip antenna is designed. The effects of the fractal pattern and the feed structure on the antenna performance are analyzed in detail. Summary and prospect. This paper reviews and summarizes the work done in this paper, and points out the shortcomings of this paper and the work to be done in the next step.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN820

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