用于现代通信的微带天线研究
发布时间：2018-11-13 10:41
【摘要】：天线在现代无线通信中担任着辐射和接收无线电波的重要角色,通信系统能够顺利完成通信任务的前提是要有一副性能指标良好的天线。目前人们对无线通信技术的追求表现在对各种智能化、多功能手持设备的强烈依赖以及对信息传输速度的高要求,设备智能化、多功能意味着天线多频化,天线带宽影响通信效率,因此,小型、多频和宽带天线技术成为天线的主流设计趋势,对现代通信系统的发展起着重要作用。本文首先介绍了微带天线理论、天线多频化、宽带化的发展趋势和实现技术,并通过三部分来完成对微带天线的研究与设计工作。第一部分主要设计了两款多频微带天线,首先针对天线小型化要求,采用具有充实填充性和自相似性的Sierpinski三角分形结构,并在分形天线结构上添加易于调节的微带辐射枝节改善天线谐振特性,展宽天线带宽。其次采用共面波导天线基本模型,通过U形辐射贴片产生谐振,对共面地结构引入非对称微扰实现圆极化,仿真设计了一款应用于WiMax和WLAN的双频圆极化微带天线。第二部分主要完成了对超宽带微带天线的研究与设计,首先基于PIFA天线结构本身Q值较低、易于展宽带宽和不需要额外添加匹配网络的优点,通过弯折辐射枝节实现天线的小型化设计,加入短路贴片使贴片之间产生耦合,提高天线带宽,最终设计天线在低频处的比例带宽可达63%,并对天线进行加工测试,测试与仿真结果吻合。其次,采用切割矩形辐射贴片形成多边辐射贴片的方法设计了一款带宽可达74%的超宽带微带天线,使用凹形地板来改善天线带宽,同时考虑到超宽带天线在电磁波的传播过程中,会受到WLAN频段的电磁干扰问题,在超宽带天线上加入U形缝隙陷波结构来消除存在的电磁干扰问题,实现对WLAN频段的有效陷波,提高了超宽带天线的抗干扰能力。第三部分主要对一种简单2x 2微带天线阵进行研究,采用开U形槽的矩形辐射贴片作为基本辐射阵元,将该微带阵列天线的性能参数与一般微带单元天线进行对比,仿真方向图具有较强的方向性,增益相对较高,可达13.5dB,并且带宽也得到了一些提高。
[Abstract]:Antenna plays an important role in radiating and receiving radio waves in modern wireless communication. The premise of communication system is to have an antenna with good performance. At present, the pursuit of wireless communication technology is manifested in the strong dependence on various intelligent, multi-functional handheld devices and the high requirement for the speed of information transmission. The intelligence and multifunction of the equipment means that the antenna is multi-frequency. Antenna bandwidth affects communication efficiency, so small, multi-frequency and broadband antenna technology has become the mainstream antenna design trend, and plays an important role in the development of modern communication systems. In this paper, the theory of microstrip antenna, the development trend of multi-frequency antenna and broadband technology are introduced, and the research and design of microstrip antenna are completed in three parts. In the first part, two kinds of multi-frequency microstrip antennas are designed. Firstly, aiming at the miniaturization of the antennas, the Sierpinski triangular fractal structure with full filling and self-similarity is adopted. In addition, the microstrip radiation section which is easy to adjust is added to the fractal antenna structure to improve the resonant characteristics of the antenna and widen the antenna bandwidth. Secondly, using the basic model of coplanar waveguide antenna, the resonance is generated by U-shaped radiation patch, and the circular polarization is realized by introducing asymmetric perturbation to the coplanar ground structure. A dual-frequency circularly polarized microstrip antenna for WiMax and WLAN is designed by simulation. In the second part, the research and design of UWB microstrip antenna are completed. Firstly, based on the low Q value of PIFA antenna structure, it is easy to widen the bandwidth and do not need to add additional matching network. The antenna miniaturization design is realized by bending radiation section, the coupling between the patches is produced by adding short circuit patch, and the bandwidth of antenna is increased. Finally, the proportion bandwidth of antenna at low frequency can be up to 63x, and the processing test of antenna is carried out. The test results are in good agreement with the simulation results. Secondly, an ultra-wideband microstrip antenna with a bandwidth of 74% is designed by cutting the rectangular radiation patch to form a multilateral radiation patch. The concave floor is used to improve the bandwidth of the antenna. At the same time, considering that the UWB antenna will be affected by the electromagnetic interference in the WLAN band during the electromagnetic wave propagation, the U-shaped slot notch structure is added to the UWB antenna to eliminate the existing electromagnetic interference problem and to realize the effective notch wave in the WLAN band. The anti-jamming ability of UWB antenna is improved. In the third part, a simple 2x2 microstrip antenna array is studied. Using the U-shaped slot rectangular radiation patch as the basic radiation array element, the performance parameters of the microstrip array antenna are compared with the general microstrip element antenna. The simulation pattern has a strong directivity, a relatively high gain, up to 13.5 dB, and the bandwidth has been improved.
【学位授予单位】：西安邮电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN822
本文编号：2328856
[Abstract]:Antenna plays an important role in radiating and receiving radio waves in modern wireless communication. The premise of communication system is to have an antenna with good performance. At present, the pursuit of wireless communication technology is manifested in the strong dependence on various intelligent, multi-functional handheld devices and the high requirement for the speed of information transmission. The intelligence and multifunction of the equipment means that the antenna is multi-frequency. Antenna bandwidth affects communication efficiency, so small, multi-frequency and broadband antenna technology has become the mainstream antenna design trend, and plays an important role in the development of modern communication systems. In this paper, the theory of microstrip antenna, the development trend of multi-frequency antenna and broadband technology are introduced, and the research and design of microstrip antenna are completed in three parts. In the first part, two kinds of multi-frequency microstrip antennas are designed. Firstly, aiming at the miniaturization of the antennas, the Sierpinski triangular fractal structure with full filling and self-similarity is adopted. In addition, the microstrip radiation section which is easy to adjust is added to the fractal antenna structure to improve the resonant characteristics of the antenna and widen the antenna bandwidth. Secondly, using the basic model of coplanar waveguide antenna, the resonance is generated by U-shaped radiation patch, and the circular polarization is realized by introducing asymmetric perturbation to the coplanar ground structure. A dual-frequency circularly polarized microstrip antenna for WiMax and WLAN is designed by simulation. In the second part, the research and design of UWB microstrip antenna are completed. Firstly, based on the low Q value of PIFA antenna structure, it is easy to widen the bandwidth and do not need to add additional matching network. The antenna miniaturization design is realized by bending radiation section, the coupling between the patches is produced by adding short circuit patch, and the bandwidth of antenna is increased. Finally, the proportion bandwidth of antenna at low frequency can be up to 63x, and the processing test of antenna is carried out. The test results are in good agreement with the simulation results. Secondly, an ultra-wideband microstrip antenna with a bandwidth of 74% is designed by cutting the rectangular radiation patch to form a multilateral radiation patch. The concave floor is used to improve the bandwidth of the antenna. At the same time, considering that the UWB antenna will be affected by the electromagnetic interference in the WLAN band during the electromagnetic wave propagation, the U-shaped slot notch structure is added to the UWB antenna to eliminate the existing electromagnetic interference problem and to realize the effective notch wave in the WLAN band. The anti-jamming ability of UWB antenna is improved. In the third part, a simple 2x2 microstrip antenna array is studied. Using the U-shaped slot rectangular radiation patch as the basic radiation array element, the performance parameters of the microstrip array antenna are compared with the general microstrip element antenna. The simulation pattern has a strong directivity, a relatively high gain, up to 13.5 dB, and the bandwidth has been improved.
【学位授予单位】：西安邮电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN822
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