基于麦克风阵列的声源被动定位技术研究

发布时间：2018-11-22 19:24

【摘要】：随着信号处理方法、探测技术的不断发展,利用目标在运动过程中伴随噪声来识别位置的方法,被广泛应用于战场车辆发动机噪声定位、安防监控追踪系统、智能机器人“听觉系统”等军事民用领域,所以开展对声源被动定位系统的研究具有实用价值与意义。本文对现有定位算法的研究现状进行了分析,确定了易于实现的到达时间差算法作为理论支撑。在麦克风阵列模型方面,重点研究平面五元十字形阵列,推导了基于时延估计的定位公式,并对影响其定位误差的因素进行分析和仿真。为了实现定位系统实时性和准确性的要求,提出了FPGA结合上位机的总体设计方案;设计了巴特沃斯低通滤波电路、增益可调的前置放大电路、A/D采样转换电路、FPGA控制和接口电路等硬件模块;详细介绍了系统通信协议,并在此基础上完成采集命令、定位算法等模块的软件功能设计。在此基础上完成了测试平台搭建,对系统硬件性能进行了一致性测试,验证了系统性能;然后分别用平面四元十字形和五元十字形阵列在不同测试点进行了测试,并对测试结果进行分析。实验结果表明本文设计的五元十字形声源被动定位系统结构简单、实时性好,可以满足设计要求。
[Abstract]:With the development of signal processing and detection technology, the method of identifying the position of the target with noise during the moving process has been widely used in the vehicle engine noise location, security monitoring and tracking system. Intelligent robot "auditory system" and other military and civil fields, so it is of practical value and significance to study the passive location system of sound source. In this paper, the current research status of the existing localization algorithms is analyzed, and the time of arrival (TDOA) algorithm which is easy to implement is determined as the theoretical support. In the microphone array model, the plane five-element cross-shaped array is studied, the location formula based on time delay estimation is derived, and the factors affecting the positioning error are analyzed and simulated. In order to meet the requirements of real-time and accuracy of positioning system, the overall design scheme of FPGA combined with host computer is put forward. The hardware modules such as Butterworth low-pass filter circuit, gain adjustable preamplifier circuit, A / D sampling and conversion circuit, FPGA control and interface circuit are designed. The communication protocol of the system is introduced in detail, and on this basis, the software function design of acquisition command, location algorithm and other modules is completed. On this basis, the test platform is built, the system hardware performance is tested, and the system performance is verified. Then, the plane quaternion cross array and the five element cross array are used to test at different test points, and the test results are analyzed. The experimental results show that the five-element cross-shaped sound source passive positioning system designed in this paper is simple in structure, good in real time, and can meet the design requirements.
【学位授予单位】：中北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN912.3

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