面向无线抄表的6LoWPAN网络寿命优化关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-12-13 15:28

【摘要】：随着物联网技术和无线自组网技术的发展,无线自组网技术越来越多的应用到人们的生产生活中。在抄表行业,无线抄表已经成为一项关键的技术应用,利用无线节点采集仪表的读数并上传,节省了大量的成本。而无线节点往往采用电池供电,电池的电量和网络能量的消耗限制了网络寿命,经常性的更换电池给网络的维护带来巨大的开销和不便。因此对于面向无线抄表行业的无线自组网网络寿命的优化成为关键问题。本文主要对面向无线抄表的6LoWPAN网络寿命的关键技术进行研究,优化网络能耗,提高网络寿命。本文通过对抄表行为和数据流量的分析,发现抄表数据具有周期长流量集中的特点。通常情况下网络只在一天中固定的2~4个时间段进行数据的传输,根据这个特点,本文通过设计基于时间同步的混合网络模式,利用时间同步和网络调度,将网络划分为Active状态和Inactive状态,对应于业务阶段和非业务阶段,网络在Active状态进行数据的收发,Inactive状态下网络以极低的能耗运行。同时设计并实现两种基于软件的节点能耗估计模型,利用基于状态时间统计的在线能耗估计模型,节点能实时的监测自身的能量消耗,作出调整和反馈;利用基于节点行为预测的离线能耗估计模型,网络使用者可以在不部署实际网络的前提下,得到相应的网络参数。在对发生在业务时间段中的数据传输能耗的优化,本文通过设计实现能耗均衡机制,减弱由于使用基于收集树的ORPL路由协议导致的能耗不均衡的现象。节点根据能量消耗,自适应的调整CCA周期,均衡网络中的能量消耗,提高网络寿命。对于下行的多播数据,利用角色分类的低功耗多播算法,减少网络中的冗余多播消息,从而减少网络的能量消耗。在论文最后,通过部署实际的应用场景实验,对所实现的机制进行性能和能耗的具体分析,验证各个机制的效果,得出相应的结论。
[Abstract]:With the development of Internet of things technology and wireless ad hoc network technology, wireless ad hoc network technology is more and more used in people's production and life. In the meter reading industry, wireless meter reading has become a key technology application, the use of wireless nodes to collect meter readings and upload, save a lot of costs. However, the battery is often used to power the wireless nodes. The battery energy consumption and network energy consumption limit the network life. The frequent replacement of the battery brings huge cost and inconvenience to the maintenance of the network. Therefore, it is a key problem to optimize the lifetime of wireless ad hoc network for wireless meter reading industry. In this paper, the key technologies of wireless meter reading oriented 6LoWPAN network life are studied to optimize network energy consumption and improve network life. Based on the analysis of meter reading behavior and data flow, it is found that meter reading data have the characteristics of long cycle flow concentration. In general, the network only transmits data in two to four fixed periods of the day. According to this characteristic, this paper designs a hybrid network mode based on time synchronization, using time synchronization and network scheduling. The network is divided into Active state and Inactive state, corresponding to the service phase and non-service phase, the network receives and sends data in the Active state, and the network runs with very low energy consumption under the Inactive state. At the same time, two software-based node energy consumption estimation models are designed and implemented. Using the on-line energy consumption estimation model based on state time statistics, nodes can monitor their own energy consumption in real time and make adjustments and feedback. Using the off-line energy estimation model based on node behavior prediction, network users can obtain the corresponding network parameters without deploying the actual network. In order to optimize the energy consumption of data transmission during the service period, this paper designs an energy balance mechanism to reduce the imbalance of energy consumption caused by the use of ORPL routing protocol based on collection tree. According to the energy consumption, the node adaptively adjusts the CCA cycle, equalizes the energy consumption in the network and improves the network life. For downlink multicast data, the low power multicast algorithm based on role classification is used to reduce the redundant multicast messages in the network, thus reducing the energy consumption of the network. At the end of the paper, the performance and energy consumption of the realized mechanism are analyzed by deploying the actual application scenario experiment, and the results of each mechanism are verified, and the corresponding conclusions are drawn.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN92

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