介质谐振器天线及极化阵列测向算法研究

发布时间：2019-01-06 06:16

【摘要】：测向性能是衡量电子侦察系统性能的重要指标。用小型化、高效率的超宽带双极化天线作为前端测向阵元可以有效提高系统的测向性能。介质谐振器天线具有损耗低、效率高和体积小的特点,因此广泛用于电子侦察系统前端从而提高测向系统的隐蔽性和测向精度。因此,本文研究了超宽带及双极化介质谐振器天线和双极化天线阵列的测向算法,主要研究内容如下:首先,本文设计了工作于S波段和C波段的介质谐振器天线。馈电方式分别为A和B差分馈电的介质谐振器天线采用添加空气隙以及差分馈电的方法扩展其带宽,端口驻波比小于2的相对带宽为102%。共面波导馈电的介质谐振器天线采用印刷单极子天线与介质谐振器的混合结构,通过在介质谐振器内部打孔的方式来扩展带宽,其端口驻波比小于2的相对带宽达到121%。相对于印刷贴片天线,差分馈电的介质谐振器天线底面积的尺寸减少了67.2%,共面波导馈电的介质谐振器天线底面积的尺寸减少了36%。其次,基于双极化介质谐振器天线的基本原理,完成了工作于C波段的双极化介质谐振器天线的设计仿真。采用梯形渐变结构的同轴馈电双极化介质谐振器天线将两个结构相同的天线单元正交放置从而产生两个正交的极化波,端口驻波比小于2的相对带宽为10%。为了进一步增加带宽,仿照差分馈电超宽带介质谐振器天线,通过对方形介质谐振器正交差分馈电从而产生两个正交的极化波。其端口驻波比小于2的相对带宽达到31.6%。与现有的双极化介质谐振器天线相比,前者天线尺寸减小了3~16倍,后者阻抗带宽提高了2~3倍。最后,基于不同的双极化阵元建立接收信号矩阵,研究了两类波达角和极化参数联合估计算法,一是基于噪声子空间的MUSIC算法;二是通过构造波达方向矩阵的波达方向矩阵法。通过仿真验证了其有效性,分析了信噪比、快拍数对各个算法性能的影响,从信噪比、快拍数和计算时间三个方面对两个算法性能进行了比较分析。并以双极化介质谐振器天线组建极化阵列,构建基于电磁仿真结果的双极化天线阵列的接收数据模型,采用多重信号分类(Multiple Signal Classification,MUSIC)算法实现了波达角(Direction Of Arrival,DOA)和极化参数的联合估计。
[Abstract]:Direction finding performance is an important index to measure the performance of electronic reconnaissance system. Using a miniaturized and highly efficient UWB dual-polarization antenna as a front end direction-finding element can effectively improve the system's direction-finding performance. The dielectric resonator antenna has the characteristics of low loss, high efficiency and small volume, so it is widely used in the front end of the electronic reconnaissance system to improve the concealment and precision of the direction-finding system. Therefore, the direction finding algorithms of ultra-wideband and dual-polarization dielectric resonator antennas and dual-polarization antenna arrays are studied in this paper. The main contents are as follows: firstly, the dielectric resonator antennas working in S-band and C-band are designed in this paper. The dielectric resonator antenna fed by A and B respectively uses the method of adding air gap and differential feed to expand its bandwidth. The relative bandwidth of the port VSWR less than 2 is 102. The dielectric resonator antenna fed by coplanar waveguide adopts the mixed structure of printed monopole antenna and dielectric resonator. The bandwidth is expanded by perforating inside the dielectric resonator. The relative bandwidth of the port VSWR less than 2 is 121. Compared with the printed patch antenna, the size of the base area of the differential fed dielectric resonator antenna is reduced by 67.2 and that of the coplanar waveguide fed dielectric resonator antenna by 36. Secondly, based on the basic principle of dual-polarization dielectric resonator antenna, the design and simulation of dual-polarization dielectric resonator antenna working in C-band are completed. Two antenna elements with the same structure are placed quadrature to produce two orthogonal polarization waves, and the relative bandwidth of the port standing wave ratio less than 2 is 10. In order to further increase the bandwidth, two quadrature polarization waves are generated by quadrature differential feeding of the square dielectric resonator by emulating the differential feed ultra-wideband dielectric resonator antenna. The relative bandwidth of the port VSWR less than 2 is 31.6. Compared with the existing dual polarization dielectric resonator antenna, the size of the former antenna is reduced by 316 times, and the impedance bandwidth of the latter is increased by 2 times. Finally, two kinds of joint estimation algorithms of DOA and polarization parameters are studied, one is MUSIC algorithm based on noise subspace, the other is by constructing DOA matrix. The effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by simulation, and the effects of SNR and racket number on the performance of each algorithm are analyzed. The performance of the two algorithms is compared and analyzed from three aspects: SNR, racket number and calculation time. The polarization array is constructed with the dual-polarization dielectric resonator antenna, and the receiving data model of the dual-polarization antenna array based on the electromagnetic simulation results is constructed. The (Direction Of Arrival, is realized by using the multi-signal classification (Multiple Signal Classification,MUSIC) algorithm. DOA) and the joint estimation of polarization parameters.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN820

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