圆锥共形相控阵天线及天线罩设计

发布时间：2019-02-23 11:33

【摘要】：共形相控阵天线是将共形天线与相控阵天线相结合的一种新型阵列天线形式,其结合了共形天线和相控阵天线的优点,在飞行器上具有广泛的应用前景。天线罩是雷达天线系统的重要组成部分,更是飞行器中共形天线的常用载体。因此,本文以天线罩作为共形天线载体,在考虑天线罩影响的条件下,对圆锥共形相控阵天线-天线罩整体结构进行设计和分析,主要研究内容可以分为以下四个部分:共形相控阵天线单元的设计。针对共形相控阵天线单元宽频带、宽波束以及易于安装共形的特点,本文设计了工作于Ku波段的微带贴片和印刷蝶形缝隙天线单元。微带贴片天线采用方形的辐射贴片和介质基板,端口回波损耗小于-10d B的阻抗带宽为0.9GHz;E面和H面的3d B波束宽度分别为92.8°和81.7°。为进一步提高阻抗带宽,设计了共面波导馈电的蝶形缝隙天线,其回波损耗小于-10d B的阻抗带宽达到1.56GHz;E面和H面的3d B波束宽度分别为53.4°和53.5°。在此基础上,对两款天线加工测试,测试结果与仿真结果吻合。A夹层结构锥形天线罩的设计。首先采用四端子等效传输线理论对天线罩的透波率进行仿真,得到了满足宽频带要求的A夹层结构和材料参数。在此基础上,针对天线罩的3d B波束宽度变化和瞄准误差,对天线罩采用PO物理光学法进行优化分析,最终仿真得到了满足工程指标的天线罩整体结构。共形阵列的数学建模及阵列互耦分析。首先针对任意曲面共形阵列,建立了共形阵列矢量方向图叠加模型。然后,结合互耦分析中的散射法和天线单元有源方向图的概念完成共形阵列互耦矩阵的求解。最后,借助上述方法,对圆锥共形相控阵天线-天线罩整体结构进行了仿真分析,并对大型阵列的简化算法进行了讨论。圆锥共形相控阵天线-天线罩的低副瓣方向图综合。首先采用口径投影法将泰勒线源综合法应用于共形阵列的方向图综合中,实现了单极化圆锥共形相控阵天线-天线罩的低副瓣方向图综合。然后,借助阵列互耦矩阵,完成了单极化圆锥共形相控阵的互耦校正。最后,采用双极化天线单元构建共形阵列,对方向图形态和极化形式联合设计,实现了提高极化纯度的目的。
[Abstract]:Conformal phased array antenna is a new type of array antenna which combines conformal antenna with phased array antenna. It combines the advantages of conformal antenna and phased array antenna and has a wide application prospect in aircraft. Radome is an important part of radar antenna system. Therefore, in this paper, the conformal antenna carrier is used to design and analyze the whole structure of conical conformal phased array antenna-radome under the condition of considering the influence of the radome. The main research contents can be divided into the following four parts: the design of conformal phased array antenna unit. Aiming at the characteristics of conformal phased array antenna unit, such as wide band, wide beam and easy to install conformal, microstrip patch and printed butterfly slot antenna unit working in Ku band are designed in this paper. The microstrip patch antenna uses square radiation patch and dielectric substrate. The impedance bandwidth of the port echo loss less than -10 dB is 0.9GHz E plane and 3dB beam width of H plane are 92.8 掳and 81.7 掳, respectively. In order to further improve the impedance bandwidth, a butterfly slot antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide is designed. The impedance bandwidth of which the return loss is less than -10 dB is 53.4 掳and 53.5 掳at the E plane of 1.56 GHz and the 3D B beam width of the H plane, respectively. On this basis, two antennas are processed and tested, and the results are in good agreement with the simulation results. At first, the transmission line theory of four terminals is used to simulate the transmittance of the radome, and the A sandwich structure and material parameters which meet the requirements of wide band are obtained. On this basis, aiming at the 3D B beam width variation and the aiming error of the radome, the PO physical optics method is used to optimize the radome. Finally, the overall structure of the radome that meets the engineering requirements is obtained by simulation. Mathematical modeling and mutual coupling analysis of conformal arrays. Firstly, the vector pattern superposition model of conformal array is established for any conformal surface array. Then, the mutual coupling matrix of conformal array is solved by combining the scattering method of mutual coupling analysis and the concept of active pattern of antenna element. Finally, the whole structure of conformal phased array antenna-radome is simulated and analyzed, and the simplified algorithm of large array is discussed. Low sidelobe pattern synthesis of conformal phased array antenna-radome. At first, the Taylor line-source synthesis method is applied to the pattern synthesis of conformal array by using the aperture projection method, and the low sidelobe pattern synthesis of the single-polarization conical conformal phased array antenna and radome is realized. Then, the mutual coupling correction of conformal phased array with single polarization cone is completed with the aid of array mutual coupling matrix. Finally, the conformal array is constructed by using dual polarization antenna element, and the configuration of the opposite direction diagram and the polarization form are designed jointly to achieve the purpose of improving the polarization purity.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN821.8;TN820.81

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