量子隐形传态协议设计及噪声影响分析

发布时间：2019-04-12 10:16

【摘要】：量子隐形传态一直是量子信息科学的重要研究内容之一,量子纠缠态预先分发、独立量子源干涉和前置反馈是其三个关键要素.量子隐形传态的原理是利用纠缠量子态,在两个粒子分隔两地的情况下,将某一粒子的未知量子态在另一粒子上还原出来.这一技术在无条件安全的情况下实现了量子态的传输,因此其在量子信息通信领域具有极其重要的地位.围绕这一研究方向,本文利用相关数学工具做了如下三个方面的工作:1.基于超纠缠的双向量子隐形传态.与潘建伟院士带领的团队实现的多自由度量子隐形传态不同,该协议只是将通信信道替换成超纠缠态,而传输的量子态仍然是单自由度上的.因此,其测量与酉操作过程的物理实现难度极大地低于多自由度隐形传态.该协议中,通讯双方共享一个超纠缠贝尔态,借助其两个自由度上的纠缠关系,分别向对方传送一个单量子态.仅用两个粒子即可实现双向量子态的传输,这充分体现了将超纠缠态作为通信信道的优势.2.概率隐形传态的噪声分析.在量子隐形传输过程中,量子噪声是不可避免的影响因素.以两粒子的概率量子隐形传态为例,详细计算了噪声影响下的量子隐形传态系统的保真度.探索量子噪声与系统保真度之间的关系.计算与分析结果对于隐形传态的方案设计和信道选取都有非常重要的意义.3.噪声影响下量子可控隐形传态的控制度分析.量子可控隐形传态中,控制度是非常重要的因素,一方面它决定了隐形传态是否具有有效的可控性,另一方面它也刻画了控制方控制程度的大小.基于GHZ态任意单粒子的可控隐形传态是恰好具有可控性的传态方案,在该方案的基础上,计算分析了量子噪声影响下控制度的变化.计算过程使用了平均保真度来刻画控制度,同时引入了相对控制度的概念,详细讨论了噪声与控制度之间的量化关系.
[Abstract]:Quantum teleportation has always been one of the important research contents in quantum information science. Quantum entangled states are pre-distributed and independent quantum source interference and pre-feedback are the three key elements. The principle of quantum teleportation is that the unknown quantum state of one particle is reduced on the other particle by entangled quantum state, in which two particles separate the two places and the unknown quantum state of one particle is reduced to the other particle. This technology realizes the transmission of quantum states under the condition of unconditional security, so it plays a very important role in the field of quantum information communication. Based on this research direction, this paper makes use of the relevant mathematical tools to do the following three aspects of work: 1. Two-way quantum teleportation based on hyperentanglement. Unlike the multi-degree-of-freedom quantum teleportation implemented by Academician Pan Jianwei's team, the protocol only replaces the communication channel with a hyperentangled state, and the quantum state transmitted is still on a single-degree-of-freedom basis. Therefore, the physical realization of the measurement and unitary operation process is much less difficult than the multi-degree-of-freedom teleportation. In this protocol, the communication parties share a super-entangled Bell state and transmit a single quantum state to each other by means of the entanglement relation between the two degrees of freedom. The transmission of two-way quantum states can be realized with only two particles, which fully reflects the advantage of hyperentangled state as a communication channel. Noise analysis of probabilistic teleportation. In the process of quantum teleportation, quantum noise is an inevitable factor. Taking the probabilistic quantum teleportation of two particles as an example, the fidelity of the quantum teleportation system affected by noise is calculated in detail. The relationship between quantum noise and system fidelity is explored. The results of calculation and analysis are very important for the scheme design and channel selection of teleportation. 3. The control regime analysis of quantum controllable teleportation under the influence of noise. In quantum controllable teleportation, the control system is a very important factor. On the one hand, it determines whether the teleportation has an effective controllability, on the other hand, it also characterizes the degree of control by the controlling party. The controllable teleportation of any single particle in GHz state is a controllable scheme. On the basis of this scheme, the variation of the control regime under the influence of quantum noise is calculated and analyzed. The average fidelity is used to describe the control system, and the concept of relative control system is introduced. The quantitative relationship between noise and control system is discussed in detail.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：O413;TN918

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