ZigBee无线传感网络下寒地水稻智能灌溉系统的研究

发布时间：2019-05-20 13:01

【摘要】：农业作为国民经济中分布区域最广泛、经营项目最复杂、受自然条件和社会经济因素多方面影响的大型基础性产业,对水资源有着巨大需求量,面对水资源日益短缺的现状,对人类的生存和社会的可持续发展都带来了巨大的压力。我国作为产稻大国,在水稻种植过程中,为了追求作物的高产,对农田的过渡灌溉投入造成了水资源的巨大浪费。高效的利用农业投入、节约水资源和提高水稻品质已成为大力发展水稻产业的迫切需求。因此,现代化农业的发展方向要改变现阶段水稻的生产灌溉方式,发展智能灌溉技术,高效的利用水资源,减少人力物力投入的同时提高农业利润。本设计运用ZigBee技术组建无线传感网络,结合单片机控制技术、调亏灌溉理论和模糊控制原理,完成了一套针对寒地水稻智能灌溉系统的设计,该系统根据寒地水稻的生理特性,完成适时适量的自动化灌溉。由ZigBee通讯平台、单片机中央控制器和灌溉设备构成了寒地水稻智能灌溉系统的整体构架设计。从软、硬件两方面对系统进行分析与设计。其中,硬件部分设计主要是对元器件选型及相关电路的设计,包含单片机、无线传感模块、土壤水分传感器、空气温湿度传感器、光照强度传感器、风速传感器和中间继电器等器件的选择;灌溉系统电路板的设计与调试;模拟硬件平台的设计。软件设计包括两部分,无线通讯部分和单片机部分,选择Z-Stack协议栈在IAR Embedded Workbench平台下开发调试;单片机程序开发平台使用Keil UV4,单片机的运行程序设计采用轮询式,对自定义地址进行识别,确定节点类型后进入执行子程序。分析比较了多种灌溉模型,在调亏灌溉理论、模糊控制原理和ZigBee无线传感网络通信特点的基础上设计了由两个模块协作的寒地水稻智能灌溉策略。该智能灌溉决策由模糊控制灌溉与预测灌溉两部分组成。模糊灌溉模块,运用调亏理论分析寒地水稻的生长特性,确定各生育期的需水情况,以土壤湿度偏差量和温度作为模糊控制器的输入量,实现对寒地水稻灌溉更加精确的控制。预测灌溉模块,结合环境参数建立土壤水分流失模型,设计预测灌溉机制,预测灌溉时刻前休眠各节点,能够节约能源,延长使用寿命。经过对寒地水稻智能灌溉系统的多次性能测试,本设计建立的无线传感网络的通讯情况稳定可靠,完成了数据采集及传输的任务;各传感器测试正常,测量精度在设计要求的范围内;系统整体运行稳定,能够按照设计要求执行灌溉操作,大大提高了寒地水稻的灌溉效率,降低了成本投入,节约水资源,对于精细农业的发展有重要的意义。
[Abstract]:Agriculture, as a large-scale basic industry with the most extensive distribution area and the most complex management project in the national economy, is affected by natural conditions and social and economic factors. There is a great demand for water resources. In the face of the increasing shortage of water resources, It has brought great pressure to the survival of human beings and the sustainable development of society. As a large country of rice production, in the process of rice planting, in order to pursue the high yield of crops, the transitional irrigation input of farmland has caused a huge waste of water resources. Efficient use of agricultural input, saving water resources and improving rice quality has become an urgent need for the development of rice industry. Therefore, the development direction of modern agriculture should change the mode of rice production and irrigation at the present stage, develop intelligent irrigation technology, make efficient use of water resources, reduce the input of human and material resources, and improve the agricultural profit at the same time. In this design, ZigBee technology is used to construct wireless sensor network, combined with single chip microcomputer control technology, regulated deficit irrigation theory and fuzzy control principle, a set of intelligent irrigation system for cold rice is completed, which is based on the physiological characteristics of cold rice. Complete timely and appropriate automatic irrigation. The whole architecture design of intelligent irrigation system for rice in cold region is composed of ZigBee communication platform, single chip microcomputer central controller and irrigation equipment. The system is analyzed and designed from two aspects of software and hardware. Among them, the hardware design is mainly for the selection of components and the design of related circuits, including single-chip microcomputer, wireless sensing module, soil moisture sensor, air temperature and humidity sensor, light intensity sensor, Selection of wind speed sensors and intermediate relays; Design and debugging of circuit board of irrigation system; design of analog hardware platform. The software design includes two parts, the wireless communication part and the single-chip microcomputer part. The Z-Stack protocol stack is selected to be developed and debugged under the IAR Embedded Workbench platform. The single chip microcomputer program development platform uses the running program design of Keil UV4, single chip microcomputer to identify the custom address, determine the node type and enter the execution subroutine. Based on the theory of regulated deficit irrigation, fuzzy control principle and the communication characteristics of ZigBee wireless sensor network, an intelligent irrigation strategy for cold region rice was designed based on the analysis and comparison of various irrigation models. The intelligent irrigation decision consists of fuzzy control irrigation and predictive irrigation. In the fuzzy irrigation module, the growth characteristics of rice in cold region are analyzed by using the theory of regulation deficit, and the water demand in each growth period is determined. The deviation of soil moisture and temperature are used as the input of fuzzy controller to realize more accurate control of rice irrigation in cold region. The prediction irrigation module, combined with the environmental parameters to establish the soil water loss model, design and predict the irrigation mechanism, predict the dormancy of each node before the irrigation time, can save energy and prolong the service life. After many performance tests on the intelligent irrigation system of rice in cold region, the communication situation of the wireless sensor network established in this design is stable and reliable, and the task of data acquisition and transmission is completed. The test of each sensor is normal, and the measurement accuracy is within the range required by the design. The whole operation of the system is stable, and the irrigation operation can be carried out according to the design requirements, which greatly improves the irrigation efficiency of rice in cold regions, reduces the cost input and saves water resources, which is of great significance for the development of fine agriculture.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S511;TN92

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