超宽带穿墙雷达天线研究与设计
发布时间：2019-05-23 23:38
【摘要】：穿墙雷达系统能对不透明障碍物等复杂环境下的生命迹象进行探测和定位,在城市恐怖袭击绑架和消防救援等活动中具有非常重要的作用和意义。冲激体制的穿墙雷达是一款具有集穿透性强、抗干扰能力强、隐蔽性能好、距离向分辨率高等优点的探测能力比较优秀的穿墙雷达。而天线作为穿墙雷达系统中重要的组成部分,天线的好坏直接影响雷达系统的性能,因此设计一款性能较佳的天线是非常重要的,而这也是本设计的目标。本设计的工作和内容主要包括以下几个部分:首先,简要分析和概述了穿墙雷达系统的背景以及其实际应用意义,调研和分析了国内外研究现状和发展。研究和分析了1 GHz~10 GHz频段信号对各种墙体穿透能力,以及结合系统体积、雷达信号波形和冲激体制最终确定以1.5 GHz~4.5GHz频段的高斯脉冲加载3 GHz正弦波信号作为穿墙雷达信号。然后对穿墙雷达信号频段进行分析知其为超宽带信号。分析出适合此类穿墙雷达的天线主要为宽带微带型天线和超宽带天线。简单介绍微带天线扩展带宽的方法并介绍和对比几种超宽带天线,最终确定带渐变槽的单极子天线和Vivaldi天线作为该系统的终点研究方向。因而进行概述Vivaldi天线的原理、发展和馈电结构、为本文的设计作铺垫。其次,设计了一款适合穿墙雷达的天线带渐变槽的单极子天线,详细阐述了该天线的设计过程并对其进行分析。该天线有一个优点就是体积小它的体积是后面设计的Vivaldi天线的体积的50%,而且带渐变槽的单极子天线的高频特性非常好达到了11 GHz。并且通过分析其时域特性,表明其具有良好的时域特性。最后,从Vivaldi天线的结构到设计给出了详细分析和计算。设计主要包括馈电结构和槽线渐变辐射器的计算和设计。然后对天线整体性能进行描述并分析其仿真和测试结果。主要包括频域的回波损耗、辐射方向图以及峰值增益和时域的辐射波形、振铃现象、时域方向图以及保真系数等方面的分析。通过比较这两款天线性能,最终选择Vivaldi天线作为穿墙雷达系统的收发天线。同时对该天线构建了模拟合成孔径的的一维线性阵,并对组阵参数进行研究来确定最终接收天线的位置。
[Abstract]:The wall-piercing radar system can detect and locate the signs of life in the complex environment, such as transparent obstacles, and plays a very important role and significance in the activities of urban terrorist attack, kidnapping and fire rescue. Impulse radar is a kind of wall-piercing radar with excellent detection ability, such as strong penetration, strong anti-interference ability, good concealment performance, high range resolution and so on. As an important part of wall-piercing radar system, the quality of antenna directly affects the performance of radar system, so it is very important to design an antenna with better performance, which is also the goal of this design. The work and content of this design mainly include the following parts: firstly, the background and practical application significance of the wall-piercing radar system are briefly analyzed and summarized, and the research status and development at home and abroad are investigated and analyzed. The penetration ability of 1 GHz~10 GHz band signal to various walls and the volume of the system are studied and analyzed. The radar signal waveform and impulse system are finally determined to use Gao Si pulse loaded 3 GHz sine wave signal in 1.5 GHz~4.5GHz band as the radar signal through the wall. Then the frequency band of the radar signal through the wall is analyzed and known as the ultra-broadband signal. It is analyzed that the antennas suitable for this kind of wall-piercing radar are mainly broadband microstrip antenna and ultra-broadband antenna. This paper briefly introduces the method of expanding bandwidth of microstrip antenna, introduces and compares several kinds of ultra-broadband antennas, and finally determines the monopole antenna with tapered slot and Vivaldi antenna as the terminal research direction of the system. Therefore, the principle, development and feed structure of Vivaldi antenna are summarized, which paves the way for the design of this paper. Secondly, a monopole antenna with gradual slot is designed, and the design process of the antenna is described in detail and analyzed. One of the advantages of the antenna is that it is small and its volume is 50% of that of the Vivaldi antenna designed later, and the high frequency characteristics of the monopole antenna with tapered slot are very good at 11 GHz.. Through the analysis of its time-domain characteristics, it is shown that it has good time-domain characteristics. Finally, the structure and design of Vivaldi antenna are analyzed and calculated in detail. The design mainly includes the calculation and design of feed structure and slot line gradual radiator. Then the overall performance of the antenna is described and its simulation and test results are analyzed. It mainly includes the analysis of echo loss in frequency domain, radiation pattern, peak gain and radiation waveform in time domain, ringing phenomenon, time domain pattern and fidelity coefficient. By comparing the performance of the two antennas, the Vivaldi antenna is selected as the receiving and receiving antenna of the wall-piercing radar system. At the same time, a one-dimensional linear array simulating synthetic aperture is constructed for the antenna, and the array parameters are studied to determine the position of the final receiving antenna.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN957.2
本文编号：2484344
[Abstract]:The wall-piercing radar system can detect and locate the signs of life in the complex environment, such as transparent obstacles, and plays a very important role and significance in the activities of urban terrorist attack, kidnapping and fire rescue. Impulse radar is a kind of wall-piercing radar with excellent detection ability, such as strong penetration, strong anti-interference ability, good concealment performance, high range resolution and so on. As an important part of wall-piercing radar system, the quality of antenna directly affects the performance of radar system, so it is very important to design an antenna with better performance, which is also the goal of this design. The work and content of this design mainly include the following parts: firstly, the background and practical application significance of the wall-piercing radar system are briefly analyzed and summarized, and the research status and development at home and abroad are investigated and analyzed. The penetration ability of 1 GHz~10 GHz band signal to various walls and the volume of the system are studied and analyzed. The radar signal waveform and impulse system are finally determined to use Gao Si pulse loaded 3 GHz sine wave signal in 1.5 GHz~4.5GHz band as the radar signal through the wall. Then the frequency band of the radar signal through the wall is analyzed and known as the ultra-broadband signal. It is analyzed that the antennas suitable for this kind of wall-piercing radar are mainly broadband microstrip antenna and ultra-broadband antenna. This paper briefly introduces the method of expanding bandwidth of microstrip antenna, introduces and compares several kinds of ultra-broadband antennas, and finally determines the monopole antenna with tapered slot and Vivaldi antenna as the terminal research direction of the system. Therefore, the principle, development and feed structure of Vivaldi antenna are summarized, which paves the way for the design of this paper. Secondly, a monopole antenna with gradual slot is designed, and the design process of the antenna is described in detail and analyzed. One of the advantages of the antenna is that it is small and its volume is 50% of that of the Vivaldi antenna designed later, and the high frequency characteristics of the monopole antenna with tapered slot are very good at 11 GHz.. Through the analysis of its time-domain characteristics, it is shown that it has good time-domain characteristics. Finally, the structure and design of Vivaldi antenna are analyzed and calculated in detail. The design mainly includes the calculation and design of feed structure and slot line gradual radiator. Then the overall performance of the antenna is described and its simulation and test results are analyzed. It mainly includes the analysis of echo loss in frequency domain, radiation pattern, peak gain and radiation waveform in time domain, ringing phenomenon, time domain pattern and fidelity coefficient. By comparing the performance of the two antennas, the Vivaldi antenna is selected as the receiving and receiving antenna of the wall-piercing radar system. At the same time, a one-dimensional linear array simulating synthetic aperture is constructed for the antenna, and the array parameters are studied to determine the position of the final receiving antenna.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN957.2
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相关硕士学位论文 前3条
1 邓师平;穿墙雷达显示终端设计[D];西安电子科技大学;2011年
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