肺功能检查系统及质量控制研究

发布时间：2018-01-18 15:41

本文关键词：肺功能检查系统及质量控制研究　出处：《安徽大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：由于近年来空气污染严重,尤其是严重的雾霾天气致使慢性阻塞性肺疾病(Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, COPD)患者急剧增加。COPD是一种持续气流受限的疾病。有研究表明：肺功能检查可以诊断和评估COPD患者,肺功能检查已被作为诊断和评估COPD的金标准。然而当前COPD的诊断率依然很低,调查其原因是因为肺功能检查的普及度较低,其质量控制也是一个严重的考验。为了提高肺功能检查的普及度与测量结果的准确性,本文设计了一种精度和稳定性良好、操作简单、体积小、成本低的便携式肺功能仪PVF-100。在此基础上,又利用该肺功能仪检查患者,收集相关数据,详细研究了肺功能检查质量控制的相关标准。本文主要工作及研究成果如下：(1)肺功能仪流量计的选择与设计。流量计是肺功能仪的一个核心部件,本文通过调查与分析对比,选择了压差式流量计作为肺功能仪流量计的设计基础,并在此基础上提出了一种基于双压差传感器平衡节流式流量计的设计方案,它解决了传统压差式流量计测量范围窄,精度不够高的问题。(2)肺功能仪系统设计。肺功能仪系统设计包括呼气信号采集模块设计和主机测试软件设计。呼气信号采集模块的微控制器选择了51系列的单片机C8051F040,该单片机片上资源丰富,集成度高,它能满足呼气信号采集模块的系统设计需求。对于主机测试软件设计部分,本文首先对软件主体流程进行设计,然后对软件各个功能模块进行详细介绍。(3)肺功能仪有效性与稳定性验证。通过设计实验,采用本文设计的肺功能仪检查患者,收集相关数据,并利用数据统计软件SPSS13.0进行数据分析。分析结果表明：该肺功能仪有效性与稳定性均良好,可以用于肺功能检查。(4)肺功能检查质量控制研究。以本文设计的肺功能仪为基础,测试患者,收集数据,进行以下关于肺功能检查质量控制的研究：1、与呼气起始标准相关的外推容积(Extrapolation Volume, EV)指标对用力肺活量(Forced Vital Capacity, FVC)、第一秒用力呼气容积(Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second, FEV1)、呼气峰流速值(Peak Expiratory Flow, PEF)和呼气峰时间(PeakExpiratory Flow Time, PEFT)参数的影响；2、两种方法计算FEV1参数并进行对比实验；3、前6秒用力呼气容积(Forced Expiratory Volume in Six Second,FEV6)与FVC参数用于肺功能检查的对比实验；4、培训与指导患者对于肺功能检查质量的影响。
[Abstract]:Air pollution has been serious in recent years. In particular, severe haze weather results in chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Rapid increase in the number of patients with COPD is a persistent airflow limitation. Studies have shown that pulmonary function tests can diagnose and evaluate COPD patients. Pulmonary function examination has been used as a gold standard for the diagnosis and evaluation of COPD. However, the diagnostic rate of COPD is still very low. The reason for the investigation is that the popularity of pulmonary function examination is low. The quality control is also a serious test. In order to improve the popularity of pulmonary function examination and the accuracy of measurement results, this paper designed a kind of good accuracy and stability, simple operation, small volume. Low-cost portable pulmonary function instrument PVF-100. On this basis, the pulmonary function instrument is used to examine patients and collect relevant data. The main work and results of this paper are as follows: selection and design of flow meter of lung function meter. Flowmeter is a core component of lung function meter. Based on the investigation and analysis, this paper selects the pressure differential Flowmeter as the basis of the design of the pulmonary Flowmeter, and puts forward a design scheme of the Flowmeter based on the double pressure difference sensor balance throttling Flowmeter. It solves the problem of narrow measurement range of traditional differential pressure Flowmeter. Problem of insufficient precision. Pulmonary function instrument system design includes breath signal acquisition module design and host test software design. The microcontroller of breath signal acquisition module selected 51 series single chip microcomputer C8051F0. 40. The MCU chip is rich in resources and high integration, it can meet the system design requirements of breath signal acquisition module. For the host test software design part, this paper designs the main software flow. Then the software function modules are introduced in detail to verify the effectiveness and stability of the pulmonary function instrument. Through the design experiment, the pulmonary function instrument designed in this paper is used to examine the patients and collect the relevant data. The data were analyzed by SPSS13.0. The results showed that the pulmonary function instrument was effective and stable. It can be used to study the quality control of pulmonary function examination. Based on the pulmonary function instrument designed in this paper, patients are tested, data collected, and the following research on quality control of pulmonary function examination: 1. Extrapolation Volume associated with expiratory initiation criteria. Forced Vital capacity (FVCs). 1 second forced Expiratory Volume in One second, FEV1). Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFV) and peak expiratory Flow Time were measured. The influence of peft parameters; 2. The FEV1 parameters were calculated by two methods and compared with each other. 3Expiratory volume forced Expiratory Volume in Six Second at 6 seconds. FEV6) and FVC parameters were used in pulmonary function examination. 4. The effect of training and instruction on the quality of pulmonary function examination.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TH789

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