随钻测量无线电磁传输中模拟系统的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-01-30 10:30

本文关键词： 随钻测量电磁传输实时监测模拟系统　出处：《电子科技大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随钻测量无线电磁传输系统是一种利用低频电磁波将井下传感器测量到的井斜、方位等钻井信息无线传输到地面监控系统,对勘探工程进行实时监测的精密仪器。相比传统的泥浆脉冲无线传输技术,信号传输不受钻井液影响,性能稳定可靠,适用范围更广。我国随钻测量无线电磁传输技术由于起步较晚,大多处于试验阶段,水平较低,并未普遍应用,与国外先进的电磁随钻测量仪器相比还存在较大差距。因此,自主研制具备国际竞争力的随钻测量无线电磁传输系统,打破国外技术垄断是一项刻不容缓的任务。本课题以随钻测量无线电磁传输系统样机的研制为背景,主要对随钻测量仪器的模拟系统进行研究和设计。主要工作包括:(1)根据实际工程需求及具体技术指标,提出了随钻测量无线电磁传输收发模拟系统的功能构架与总体解决方案。(2)针对井下供电有限、发射仓电路空间狭小,以及发射天线输入阻抗不稳定等问题,本文设计了专用的功率放大电路及发射电流监控电路,实现了井下电磁信号的高效可靠发射与功率的稳定输出。(3)由于电磁波的传播介质为有损耗地层,因此信号传输频率非常低。本文采用了一种专用地面接收天线,实现了低频微弱信号的有效接收。同时考虑到地面接收信号相当微弱且强弱不稳定、接收天线输出阻抗较大等问题,设计了相应的低噪声接收电路,实现了微弱信号的有效检测与电路增益的自动调节。(4)在地表和井孔内,分别对收发系统进行了一系列现场试验,试验结果表明:该仪器性能稳定可靠,需求功能基本实现,电路指标达到了预期的技术要求,为仪器的进一步完善与实际应用打下了坚实的基础。
[Abstract]:The wireless electromagnetic transmission system of measurement while drilling is a kind of wireless transmission system which uses low frequency electromagnetic wave to transmit drilling information such as well inclination and azimuth measured by downhole sensors to the ground monitoring system. Compared with the traditional mud pulse wireless transmission technology, the signal transmission is not affected by drilling fluid, and the performance is stable and reliable. Because of the late start of wireless electromagnetic transmission technology, most of the technology is in the experimental stage, the level is low, and it is not widely used. Compared with the advanced electromagnetic measurement instruments abroad, there is still a big gap. Therefore, we have developed an international competitive wireless electromagnetic transmission system for measurement while drilling. It is an urgent task to break the foreign technology monopoly. This subject is based on the development of the prototype of the wireless electromagnetic transmission system while drilling. This paper mainly studies and designs the simulation system of measuring instruments while drilling. The main work includes: 1) according to the actual engineering requirements and specific technical indicators. The functional framework and overall solution of wireless electromagnetic transmission simulation system for measurement while drilling are put forward. Aiming at the limited underground power supply, the circuit space of the transmitter is narrow. As well as the instability of the input impedance of the transmitting antenna, a special power amplifier circuit and a monitoring circuit of the transmitting current are designed in this paper. The high efficient and reliable transmission of downhole electromagnetic signal and the stable output of power are realized because the propagation medium of electromagnetic wave is a lossy formation. Therefore, the signal transmission frequency is very low. In this paper, a special ground receiving antenna is used to realize the effective reception of low frequency weak signals. Due to the large output impedance of the receiving antenna, the corresponding low noise receiving circuit is designed, which realizes the effective detection of the weak signal and the automatic adjustment of the circuit gain. A series of field tests were carried out on the transceiver system respectively. The test results show that the instrument is stable and reliable, the required function is basically realized, and the circuit specifications meet the expected technical requirements. For the further improvement and practical application of the instrument laid a solid foundation.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TH763

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