水听器阵列在冲击波回波定位中的应用

发布时间：2018-02-25 08:31

本文关键词： 水听器阵列冲击波碎石回波定位　出处：《中国计量学院》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自1980年以来,冲击波碎石仪已经为世界各地的结石患者解除了痛苦,但目前的碎石仪对结石的术中定位效果不好,容易导致冲击波打偏,造成治疗效果的下降、病人的并发症和重复手术。现有的一些定位技术存在各自的原理性缺陷,提出一种易于实现和可靠的结石术中定位手段对冲击波碎石术效率的提升有着现实的意义。本文在阐述论文研究的背景和意义的基础上,综述了接收阵列和冲击波散射回波的研究现状,并对课题相关的声学基础知识和冲击波领域的相关知识进行了介绍。之后,讨论了冲击波散射回波的定位效用,就单频声波在刚性球表面的散射问题进行了公式推导,给出了在一定参数下散射声强的指向性图,证明了使用散射回波进行结石定位的可行性;对回声定位理论进行了列举和介绍,并根据实际情况选择了三边定位算法。搭建了水箱实验系统,包括水箱及框架、行走机构、控制盒、采集设备和其它实验器具,并编写了相关实验所需的LabVIEW程序和PLC程序,解决了若干系统搭建中的技术难题。设计了“环形水听器接收性能实验”以及“水听器阵列冲击波散射波接收实验”,分别证明了环形阵列接收能力的优越性,以及通过辨认散射回波的波形特征将水听器阵列应用于结石定位的可行性。将三边定位算法应用于实验数据,得到了X-Z方向上小于2mm的定位结果。文章的最后,就定位误差、定位范围和定位精度进行了讨论,总结了研究工作的成果,指出了本文的一些不足之处,并简单探讨了课题将来的发展方向和该技术的应用前景。
[Abstract]:Since 1980, shock wave lithotripsy has relieved the pain of stone patients all over the world. Complications of patients and repeated surgeries. Some of the existing localization techniques have their own theoretical defects, An easy and reliable method for locating stones during lithotripsy is put forward, which is of practical significance to the improvement of the efficiency of shock wave lithotripsy. In this paper, the research status of receiving array and shock wave scattering echo is reviewed, and the basic acoustic knowledge and the relevant knowledge in the field of shock wave are introduced. After that, the localization utility of shock wave scattering echo is discussed. The scattering formula of single frequency acoustic wave on rigid sphere surface is deduced, the directivity diagram of scattering sound intensity under certain parameters is given, and the feasibility of using scattering echo to locate stone is proved. The theory of echolocation is listed and introduced, and a trilateral localization algorithm is selected according to the actual situation. The experimental system of water tank is built, including water tank and frame, walking mechanism, control box, acquisition equipment and other experimental instruments. The LabVIEW program and the PLC program are written for the experiment. Some technical problems in the system construction are solved. The "ring hydrophone receiving performance experiment" and "hydrophone array shock wave scattering wave receiving experiment" are designed, respectively, which prove the superiority of the ring array receiving capability. It is feasible to apply hydrophone array to stone location by identifying the waveform characteristics of scattering echo. The triangulation algorithm is applied to experimental data, and the localization results in X-Z direction less than 2mm are obtained. Finally, the location error is discussed. This paper discusses the localization range and positioning accuracy, summarizes the results of the research, points out some shortcomings of this paper, and briefly discusses the future development direction of the subject and the application prospect of the technology.
【学位授予单位】：中国计量学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TH789;TB56

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