基于激光测距的遥测技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 23:02

本文选题：脉冲式激光测距　切入点：遥测　出处：《重庆大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济的发展与科技的进步,许多大型建筑应运而生。安全监测作为建筑物质量的保证,对于大型建筑的安全运行有着不可替代的作用。采用高新技术建立有效、完善的安全监测管理体系,不仅可以实时地掌握建筑的形变信息、分析形变趋势、发现存在的安全隐患,还有利于采取相应的预防措施,降低损失。因此,安全监测工作对大型建筑以及人们的安全显得尤为重要。本文设计了具有可靠性好、易操作、成本低等优势的监测系统,旨在实现对被测对象位移的高精度遥测。本文基于激光测距原理确定了系统的总体方案,并对脉冲激光发射系统、回波信号接收系统以及测时仪进行了设计与分析,具体如下:①采用TTL电路完成了激光器驱动电路的设计,并完成了In Ga As APD的接收电路以及信号整形电路的设计。通过实际电路仿真与测试,成功探测到测时仪所需的脉冲信号源。②利用专业测时芯片TDC_GP2完成了测时仪对的研究,系统包括芯片TDC_GP2、MSP430单片机和LABVIEW上位机。单片机为TDC_GP2芯片写入控制字,SPI串口完成单片机与TDC_GP2之间的通信,R232串口完成上位机与单片机之间的通信。同时,本文基于LABVIEW提出了一种对数据处理的筛选平均法,并基本实现了自动化测量、数据处理等工作。最后,利用FPGA验证了测时仪的精度,实验表明:通过筛选平均法的引入,测时仪的精度可提高至5ps以内,相当于1mm以内的测距精度。③本文通过光纤搭建了激光测距系统,进行了实际模拟测试,并取得了一定的实验效果。在整个系统的设计完成之际,对本系统进行了分析与总结,并指出了系统的不足以及需改进的地方。通过本文的研究,提出了一种基于激光测距的高精度、实用化的遥测系统,为大型建筑安防监管体系的建设打下了基础。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and the progress of science and technology, many large buildings emerge as the times require. As a guarantee of building quality, safety monitoring plays an irreplaceable role in the safe operation of large buildings. The perfect safety monitoring management system can not only grasp the deformation information of the building in real time, analyze the deformation trend, find out the hidden danger of safety, but also help to take the corresponding preventive measures and reduce the loss. The work of safety monitoring is very important to the safety of large buildings and people. This paper designs a monitoring system with the advantages of good reliability, easy operation and low cost. Based on the principle of laser ranging, the overall scheme of the system is determined, and the pulse laser transmitting system, echo signal receiving system and time measuring instrument are designed and analyzed. The details are as follows: 1. The laser drive circuit is designed by using TTL circuit, and the receiving circuit and signal shaping circuit of in GaAs APD are designed. The pulse signal source .2 needed for the successful detection of the time measuring instrument has completed the research of the time meter pair by using the professional time chip TDC_GP2. The system includes the chip TDCGP2MSP430 and the LABVIEW PC. The MCU writes the control word SPI to the TDC_GP2 chip to complete the communication between the MCU and the TDC_GP2 and the R232 serial port to complete the communication between the PC and the MCU. At the same time, the communication between the PC and the MCU is completed. In this paper, a screening averaging method for data processing is proposed based on LABVIEW, and the work of automatic measurement and data processing is basically realized. Finally, the accuracy of time measuring instrument is verified by FPGA. The precision of the time measuring instrument can be improved to less than 5 PS, which is equivalent to the ranging precision within 1 mm in this paper, the laser ranging system is built through optical fiber, and the actual simulation test is carried out, and some experimental results are obtained. When the design of the whole system is finished, This paper analyzes and summarizes the system, and points out the shortcomings of the system and the place to be improved. Through the research of this paper, a high-precision and practical telemetry system based on laser ranging is proposed. For the construction of large-scale building security supervision system laid the foundation.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU196;TH744.5

【相似文献】