高光谱分辨率太阳光栅光谱仪的性能分析及实验验证

发布时间：2018-04-17 10:49

本文选题：太阳大气活动 + 太阳光栅光谱仪　；参考：《电子科技大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：众所周知,不息衍化的太阳磁场是导致太阳大气活动爆发的根本原因,如太阳黑子,米粒和耀斑等。同时,激烈的太阳活动及周期变化,又影响和调制着人类的生存环境。因此,实时的监视和预报太阳大气活动具有重要意义。而成像型太阳光栅光谱仪是实现这一目标的重要仪器。它不仅能够对太阳大气活动进行成像观测。同时,又能根据获得的光谱信息来确定爆发的太阳大气活动的热力学参数,如磁场,温度,压强和元素丰度等。因此,太阳光栅光谱仪广泛的用于太阳大气活动的观测。本文研究的高光谱分辨率的太阳光栅光谱仪包括以下四个部分内容:高光谱分辨率太阳光栅光谱仪的设计、原理样机的研制、波前像差对太阳光栅光谱仪性能参数的影响分析及实验验证。第一,对小型化高分辨率太阳光栅光谱仪进行了深入的研究。基于像差理论,设计了一套基于一米红外太阳望远镜NVST的高光谱分辨率的光栅光谱仪,具有在656.3nm和854.2nm同时成像的能力。为了使光栅光谱仪具有良好的成像能力,本文对光栅光谱仪中的球差、彗差和象散进行了补偿。确定了系统的初始结构,并采用光学设计软件ZEMAX进行了优化设计。设计结果表明,光栅光谱仪的成像能力达到了衍射极限。这对于精确的太阳大气成像和精确的太阳大气热力学参数测量具有重要意义。第二,研制了高光谱分辨率太阳光栅光谱仪原理样机,从仪器设计、关键元件设计、白光光谱测量及波长定标和原理样机的光谱分辨率确定等多个方面,系统地介绍了高光谱分辨率太阳光栅光谱仪的研制方法和过程。为了降低光栅光谱仪装调难度及更好的与太阳望远镜系统对接,我们设计了一个的定标光源系统。为了能够更好的消除光栅光谱仪的系统像差,我们在光栅光谱仪的定标光源系统中集成了自适应光学系统。实验结果表明:研制的光谱仪器工作波长覆盖范围0.6μm~1.1μm;实际光谱分辨率为5.6pm@632.8nm,光谱分辨率指标达到了世界同类光谱仪器水平。此外,太阳光栅光谱仪实际的空间分辨率为55μm,接近衍射极限的空间分辨率(50μm)。第三,深入分析了波前像差对高光谱分辨率太阳光栅光谱仪的光谱成像性能的影响。与一般光学不同,光谱仪中的狭缝较小,对波前像差具有一定程度的滤波作用。因此,对波前像差和光谱成像性能参数之间的数学关系进行了理论推导,并进行了数值模拟仿真。结果表明:经过狭缝滤波后,不同类型、不同大小的波前像差对光谱分辨率和能量利用率的影响不同,且与滤波前相比,波前像差对光谱分辨率和能量利用率的影响变小。狭缝越小,其滤波作用越强。但是,对于以低频为主的像差如离焦像差而言,狭缝越小,其低频也会被滤掉。此时若不考虑狭缝滤波作用,就会导致自适应光学的过度校正。最后,基于研制的原理样机实验验证了波前像差对高光谱分辨率太阳光栅光谱仪的光谱成像性能的影响。为了研究波前像差对光谱成像性能的影响和自适应光学校正对光谱仪成像性能的影响,本文在太阳光栅光谱仪系统中集成了基于哈特曼波前传感器HS WFS和液晶空间光调制器LC-SLM的自适应光学系统,对波前像差对光谱成像性能的影响进行了定量研究并完成闭环校正实验。实验结果表明,经自适应光学校正后,像差对光谱分辨率的影响可忽略;能量利用率η得到了极大的利用,η≥95%。具有多波段同时成像能力的太阳光栅光谱仪是太阳观测的重要仪器,而具有高能量利用率和高光谱分辨率的太阳光栅光谱仪对于高精度的太阳大气活动层析成像观测和高光谱分辨率的光谱观测具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:As everyone knows, no information derived from solar magnetic field causes the solar eruptions, such as sunspots, flares and rice. At the same time, and the period of intense solar activity, and influence and modulation of the survival of the human environment. It has important significance for real-time monitoring and forecasting of solar atmosphere and imaging. The grating spectrometer is an important instrument to achieve this goal. It can not only make imaging for the observation of atmospheric activity. At the same time, thermodynamic parameters, and according to the obtained spectral information to determine the outbreak of the solar atmosphere activities such as magnetic field, temperature, pressure and the abundance of elements. Therefore, the grating spectrometer is widely used for observation the atmosphere of the sun. The sun activity grating spectrometer with high spectral resolution of this paper includes the following four parts: the design of high spectral resolution solar grating spectrometer, The development of principle prototype, the wavefront aberration effect on parameters of grating spectrometer and the performance analysis and experimental verification. First, the miniaturized high resolution solar grating spectrometer are studied. Based on the aberration theory, designed a system based on grating spectrometer with high spectral resolution of one meter infrared solar telescope NVST, has the ability of imaging in 656.3nm and at the same time. In order to make the 854.2nm grating spectrometer has good imaging capabilities, the spherical aberration of the grating spectrometer in the coma and astigmatism is compensated. The initial structure of the system, and using the optical design software ZEMAX was optimized. The design results show that the imaging ability of grating spectrometer reaches the diffraction limit this is of great significance for the accurate measurement of thermodynamic parameters of the solar atmosphere and solar atmosphere imaging accurately. Second, high spectral resolution was developed. The sun grating spectrometer principle prototype, from the instrument design, key design elements, a white light spectral resolution spectral measurement and wavelength calibration principle and prototype confirmation, systematically introduces the development method and process of high spectral resolution grating spectrometer. In order to reduce the alignment difficulty of grating spectrometer and better docking with the solar telescope system and we design a calibration source system. In order to eliminate the aberration of the grating spectrograph, we integrated the adaptive optical system in grating spectrometer calibration source system. The experimental results show that the spectral wavelength for the coverage of 0.6 mu m~1.1 mu m; the actual spectral resolution of 5.6pm@632.8nm spectra resolution index has reached the world similar spectral levels. In addition, the spatial resolution of the actual sun grating spectrometer is 55 m, close to the diffraction The spatial resolution of the diffraction limit (50 m). Third, in-depth analysis of the impact of spectral imaging performance of wavefront aberration on high spectral resolution solar grating spectrometer. Unlike general optics, small slit spectrometer, filtering effect has a certain degree of wavefront aberration. Because of this, the mathematical relation between wavefront aberration and spectrum the imaging performance parameters were derived, and the numerical simulation. The results showed: after slit filtering, different types, different sizes of wavefront aberration by spectral resolution and energy rate of different impacts, and compared with the pre filter, wavefront aberration on spectral resolution and energy rate becomes smaller. The slit is small, the stronger the filtering effect. However, the aberration to low frequency such as defocus aberration, the slit is small, the frequency will be filtered out. If not considering the slit filtering effect on Excessive correction will lead to adaptive optics. Finally, the experimental principle developed to verify the spectral imaging performance of wavefront aberration on high spectral resolution grating spectrometer based on the sun. In order to study the effect of wavefront aberration on spectral imaging performance and adaptive optics correction effect on the performance of the imaging spectrometer, in the solar system integrated grating spectrometer the adaptive optical system of Hartmann wavefront sensor WFS and HS liquid crystal spatial light modulator based on LC-SLM, the effect of wavefront aberration on spectral imaging performance was studied quantitatively and the close loop correction experiment. The experimental results show that the adaptive optical correction, the effects of aberration on spectral resolution can be neglected; the energy utilization rate is greatly the ETA = 95%. with multi wavelength grating spectrometer and the sun imaging ability is an important instrument for solar observations Device, and has high energy utilization rate of solar grating spectrometer and high spectral resolution is of great significance for the spectroscopic observations of the solar atmosphere activity tomography measurement with high resolution and high spectral resolution.

【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TH744.1

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