近红外微型光谱仪关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 09:34

本文选题：近红外光谱分析 + 微型光谱仪　；参考：《电子科技大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：近红外光谱分析以其信息丰富、信号容易获取等优点,逐渐在食品质量检测、生物医学分析、光纤传感解调、航空航天探测、光通信信道分析等诸多领域得到广泛应用。传统近红外光谱分析仪器结构复杂、体积庞大,难以在实际工程应用中得到推广,而微型化、嵌入式的近红外光谱仪具有体积小巧、响应快速等优点,能够实现实时在线监测,具有广阔的发展前景。本论文在充分分析近红外微型光谱仪市场前景与国内外发展现状的前提下,针对近红外微型光谱仪关键技术开展研究,设计出了高分辨率、微型化、满足实际工程应用需求的近红外微型光谱分析仪。本论文主要研究工作如下:1.建立了近红外微型光谱仪理论模型,探讨了微型光谱仪基本结构,重点分析了分光系统和接收系统,详细分析了近红外微型光谱仪主要性能参数,以及影响其性能的主要因素。2.提出了一种新型的基于平场凹面光栅的分光光路系统结构,建立了平场全息凹面光栅理论模型,理论分析研究了全息凹面光栅像差模型与像差校正方法,对平场凹面光栅进行优化设计,获得了满足论文要求的凹面光栅结构参数。仿真分析结果表明:优化设计的平场凹面光栅波长分辨率优于2nm,验证了本论文设计的像差校正方法的正确性。3.研制了微型化近红外微型光谱仪硬件电路模块。电路中以FPGA为主控芯片,实现线阵探测器驱动时序控制、AD转换控制、数据存储以及软硬件通信接口等功能。集成化结合低功耗设计实现了电路模块的微型化与可嵌入,为样机微型化奠定基础。4.完成了信号处理算法与测控软件编制。在上位机软件中完成了微型光谱仪软硬件接口驱动程序、编写了光谱数据处理算法、设计了简洁易用的软件界面,实现了光谱数据的采集、处理以及图形化显示。对微型光谱仪进行了波长标定,采用曲线拟合结合标准光源特征谱线的方法实现了线阵CCD像点位置与光波长之间的转换。5.研制了微型光谱仪样机,实现了光学系统、硬件电路和数据处理算法联合调试,并开展样机性能测试实验。实验结果表明:本论文设计的微型光谱仪样机波长分辨率为2nm,其主要性能参数达到了预期的设计目标。
[Abstract]:Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) has been widely used in many fields, such as food quality detection, biomedical analysis, optical fiber sensing demodulation, aerospace detection, optical communication channel analysis and so on. The traditional near infrared spectrometer has complex structure and huge volume, and it is difficult to be popularized in practical engineering application. The miniaturization and embedded near infrared spectrometer have the advantages of small volume and fast response, so it can realize real-time on-line monitoring. It has broad prospects for development. On the premise of analyzing the market prospect of NIR microspectrometer and the development status at home and abroad, the key technology of NIR microspectrometer is studied in this paper, and the high resolution and miniaturization are designed. The near infrared microspectrometer can meet the requirement of practical engineering application. The main research work of this thesis is as follows: 1. The theoretical model of NIR micro spectrometer is established, the basic structure of the micro spectrometer is discussed, the light splitting system and receiving system are emphatically analyzed, the main performance parameters of NIR micro spectrometer and the main factors affecting its performance are analyzed in detail. In this paper, a new structure of optical separation system based on flat field concave grating is proposed, and the theoretical model of flat field holographic concave grating is established. The aberration model and aberration correction method of holographic concave grating are theoretically analyzed and studied. The optimum design of flat field concave grating is carried out, and the concave grating structure parameters that meet the requirements of the thesis are obtained. The simulation results show that the wavelength resolution of the optimized flat field concave grating is better than 2 nm, which verifies the correctness of the aberration correction method designed in this paper. The hardware circuit module of miniaturized near infrared microspectrometer is developed. In the circuit, FPGA is used as the main control chip to realize the functions of linear array detector driving timing control, AD conversion control, data storage, hardware and software communication interface and so on. The integration and low power design realized the miniaturization and embeddedness of the circuit module, which laid a foundation for the miniaturization of the prototype. 4. The algorithm of signal processing and the software programming of measurement and control are completed. The hardware and software interface driver of the micro-spectrometer is completed in the upper computer software, the spectral data processing algorithm is written, the simple and easy-to-use software interface is designed, and the collection, processing and graphical display of the spectral data are realized. The wavelength calibration of the miniature spectrometer is carried out, and the conversion between the position of the linear CCD image point and the wavelength of the light wave is realized by the method of curve fitting combined with the characteristic spectral line of the standard light source. The prototype of the miniature spectrometer has been developed, and the optical system, hardware circuit and data processing algorithm have been debugged jointly, and the performance test experiment of the prototype has been carried out. The experimental results show that the wavelength resolution of the miniature spectrometer designed in this paper is 2 nm and its main performance parameters reach the expected design goal.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TH744.1

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