展开轮反求设计与虚拟加工关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-07-25 19:04

【摘要】：展开轮作为钢球表面自动检测设备中的关键件,通过摩擦对钢球进行全表面展开运动,由于长时间受到摩擦磨损、部分重力载荷的影响,对展开轮表面的精度、结构形状产生了极大的影响,从而影响到钢球表面的检测精度。因此,在工作中每检50000钢球就必须更换展开轮,目前只能从国外购买,价格极其昂贵,一直制约着国内对高精密度钢球的使用,高铁、航天、航空等用轴承只能从国外购买。针对以上问题,本文通过反求技术、虚拟仿真加工技术对展开轮进行研究。首先,基于反求技术,依托性能优越、表面精度较高的展开轮,对其进行多属性逆向测量、点云数据处理、数据重构、数学模型补偿、重建完整的实体模型;从逆向结果中分析展开轮的结构参数,获取与钢球展开运动相关的结构参数因素;结合点云数据模型对展开轮的工作部位曲面进行分析,获得曲面方程及其线性方程。其次,搭建虚拟样机实验平台,运用Adams软件对虚拟加工好的展开轮进行运动仿真,观测钢球在展开轮作用下的运动形式,追踪钢球表面上一点的运动轨迹,以此检测展开轮是否满足运动要求。然后,结合前期理论分析对展开轮结构进行优化,获得满足运动条件的展开轮;利用Mastercam软件对展开轮进行虚拟仿真加工,定制合理的加工工艺,分析刀具的进给量、转速等一系列加工参数,生成展开轮的加工轨迹,并进行优化。最后,实施现场加工对获取的样件进行误差分析,并与理论设计值进行对比,分析加工误差来源,并建立误差数学模型。综上,基于反求技术、虚拟加工技术对展开轮的研究得到:展开轮部分结构参数值;确定了工作部位曲面的理论性方程;生成了相应的加工程序NC代码;分析了加工误差来源,建立了误差数学模型。
[Abstract]:As the key part in the automatic testing equipment of steel ball surface, the unfolded wheel moves the whole surface of the ball through friction. Due to the long time friction and wear, partial gravity load affects the precision of the developing wheel surface. The shape of the structure has a great influence on the detection accuracy of the steel ball surface. Therefore, every 50000 steel ball must be replaced in the work, at present can only be purchased from abroad, the price is extremely expensive, has been restricting the domestic use of high-precision steel balls, high-speed rail, aerospace, aviation and other bearings can only be purchased from abroad. In view of the above problems, this paper studies the development wheel by reverse technology and virtual simulation processing technology. First of all, based on the reverse technology, relying on the superior performance and high surface precision of the development wheel, the multi-attribute reverse measurement, point cloud data processing, data reconstruction, mathematical model compensation, reconstruction of the complete solid model; The structural parameters of the development wheel are analyzed from the reverse results, and the structural parameters related to the expansion motion of the steel ball are obtained, and the surface equation and its linear equation are obtained by the analysis of the surface of the working position of the unfolding wheel by the data model of the combined point cloud. Secondly, the virtual prototype experiment platform is built, and the motion simulation of the virtual manufactured unfolded wheel is carried out by using Adams software, and the motion form of the steel ball under the action of the unfolded wheel is observed, and the track of the point on the surface of the ball is tracked. This is used to detect whether the development wheel meets the motion requirements. Then, combining with the previous theoretical analysis to optimize the structure of the development wheel to obtain the development wheel to meet the movement conditions; using Mastercam software to virtual simulation processing of the development wheel, customized reasonable processing technology, analysis of the feed of the tool, A series of machining parameters, such as rotational speed, are generated and optimized. Finally, the error analysis of the obtained samples is carried out by field machining, and compared with the theoretical design value, the source of machining error is analyzed, and the error mathematical model is established. In summary, based on reverse technology, virtual machining technology to research the development wheel: part of the development wheel structure parameters; determine the theoretical equation of the surface of the working position; generate the corresponding NC code processing program; analyze the source of processing errors, A mathematical model of error is established.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TH871

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